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Related Concept Videos

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors01:25

Antihypertensive Drugs: Direct Renin Inhibitors

The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an intricate physiological pathway involving numerous enzymes and hormones, including renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone. Imbalances within this system increase the production of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Increased angiotensin II levels promote vasoconstriction and blood pressure elevation. Concurrently, higher aldosterone levels stimulate sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys,...
Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), a vital component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, is abundant in lung endothelial cells. ACE converts the inactive decapeptide, angiotensin I, into the active octapeptide, angiotensin II. This potent vasoconstrictor narrows blood vessels, increasing resistance to blood flow and elevating blood pressure. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone production, encouraging kidney cells to reabsorb more sodium and water from urine, thereby increasing...
Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
Major types that are helpful drug targets include:
Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers01:30

Antihypertensive Drugs: Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

In the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, a hormone called angiotensin II plays a crucial role. It binds to the AT1 receptors in vascular smooth muscles coupled with Gq proteins. The activation of these receptors activates an enzyme called phospholipase C, which releases two molecules: inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol. These molecules cause a chain reaction that leads to the phosphorylation of myosin light chains and promotes interaction between actin and myosin, leading to smooth...
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
Hormonal Regulation01:33

Hormonal Regulation

The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis
08:21

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis

Published on: October 26, 2020

PLZF and the (pro)renin receptor.

Jan H Schefe1, Thomas Unger, Heiko Funke-Kaiser

  • 1Center for Cardiovascular Research (CCR), Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hessische Strasse 3-4, Berlin, Germany.

Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin, Germany)
|March 13, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Renin and prorenin have roles beyond angiotensin II, signaling through the (pro)renin receptor ((P)RR). Inhibiting this interaction may prevent organ damage, highlighting new therapeutic targets.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Renal Physiology
  • Molecular Endocrinology

Background:

  • The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) traditionally focuses on angiotensin II.
  • Emerging evidence suggests roles for renin and prorenin independent of angiotensin II.
  • The (pro)renin receptor ((P)RR) enhances ligand activity and has intrinsic signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate a novel (P)RR signal transduction pathway.
  • To explore the angiotensin-II-independent effects of (P)RR activation by renin.
  • To assess the potential of (P)RR inhibition in preventing organ damage.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated protein-protein interactions between (P)RR and PLZF.
  • Analyzed downstream effects of renin-induced (P)RR activation.

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Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors
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Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors

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Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion
08:35

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion

Published on: May 26, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis
08:21

A Modified Two Kidney One Clip Mouse Model of Renin Regulation in Renal Artery Stenosis

Published on: October 26, 2020

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors
12:03

Receptor Autoradiography Protocol for the Localized Visualization of Angiotensin II Receptors

Published on: June 7, 2016

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion
08:35

Improved Renal Denervation Mitigated Hypertension Induced by Angiotensin II Infusion

Published on: May 26, 2022

  • Utilized animal models to study the impact of inhibiting prorenin-(P)RR binding.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified a novel pathway involving (P)RR, PLZF nuclear translocation, PI3K-p85alpha induction, and altered cell proliferation/apoptosis.
    • Demonstrated that blocking prorenin-(P)RR interaction prevents cardiac fibrosis and diabetic nephropathy via angiotensin-II-independent mechanisms.
    • Showcased renin's ability to repress (P)RR expression.

    Conclusions:

    • The (P)RR mediates angiotensin-II-independent signaling pathways with significant (patho)physiological implications.
    • Inhibition of prorenin binding to the (P)RR offers a promising therapeutic strategy for fibrotic and nephropathic conditions.
    • Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore aliskiren's potential in modulating (pro)renin-(P)RR interactions.