Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 6, 2026
06:39
Real-Time Void Spot Assay
Published on: February 10, 2023
Non-invasive evaluation of voiding function in asymptomatic primary school children
Hasan Serkan Dogan1, Burcu Akpinar, Serhat Gurocak
1Department of Urology, Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey. hasedogan@yahoo.com
Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|March 13, 2008
Summary
This study assessed healthy children
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Urology and Nephrology
- Child Health and Development
Background:
- Understanding typical voiding characteristics in children is crucial for identifying potential lower urinary tract dysfunction.
- Previous research highlights variability in childhood continence and voiding patterns, necessitating further investigation with objective measures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the voiding characteristics of primary school children using a combination of non-invasive diagnostic tools.
- To establish normative data for bladder wall thickness (BWT), Pediatric Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score (PLUTSS), and uroflowmetry (UF) in healthy children.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study involving 212 healthy primary school children.
- Utilized questionnaires (familial, PLUTSS), uroflowmetry (UF), urinalysis, and ultrasound for bladder wall thickness (BWT) assessment.
- Data analysis focused on correlating findings with age, gender, and voiding patterns.
Main Results:
- Most children achieved continence between 18-36 months; 25% voided <4 or >7 times daily.
- 90% had normal PLUTSS (<9), 15% showed abnormal UF patterns, and 10% had nocturnal enuresis.
- Bladder wall thickness (BWT) varied, being thicker in boys and associated with abnormal UF patterns post-voiding.
Conclusions:
- Non-invasive assessments reveal significant variability in voiding parameters among healthy children.
- The Pediatric Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score (PLUTSS) demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity for evaluating childhood voiding issues.
- Findings underscore the importance of considering normative ranges and individual variations during pediatric voiding evaluations.
Related Concept Videos
01:19Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry
Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
01:22Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography
Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
01:25Assessment of the Rectum and Anus
Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...
01:26The Micturition Reflex
Urination, or micturition involves the coordination of the bladder's detrusor muscle and two sphincters to ensure controlled bladder emptying.
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...
The process begins with bladder filling, where the bladder wall stretches as urine accumulates. This stretching activates the urine storage reflex, mediated by the sacral spinal segments and the pontine storage center. Efferent sympathetic impulses stimulate the detrusor muscle to relax and the internal urethral sphincter to contract, facilitating urine...
01:23Urinary Bladder
The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...
01:22Nursing Assessment of the Genitourinary System III: Percussion and Auscultation
The genitourinary system maintains the body's fluid balance, waste excretion, and overall homeostasis. Proper assessment is essential for early detection of disorders, with percussion and auscultation integral to this evaluation. These methods help identify signs of kidney or bladder issues and provide important diagnostic clues.Percussion for Kidney TendernessPercussion is used to assess tenderness and detect kidney and bladder abnormalities. A common method for determining kidney tenderness...