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Related Concept Videos

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Yeast As a Chassis for Developing Functional Assays to Study Human P53
14:57

Yeast As a Chassis for Developing Functional Assays to Study Human P53

Published on: August 4, 2019

p53: a guide to apoptosis.

Erik Meulmeester1, Aart G Jochemsen

  • 1Department of Biochemistry I, University of Goettingen, Humboldtallee 23, D-37073, Germany. emeulme@gwdg.de

Current Cancer Drug Targets
|March 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The p53 protein, or "guardian of the genome," is crucial for preventing cancer by inducing apoptosis. Understanding its regulation by inhibitors like Mdm2 and activators like HIPK2 offers new therapeutic targets for reactivating p53 in cancer treatment.

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Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis
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Published on: February 16, 2015

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Yeast As a Chassis for Developing Functional Assays to Study Human P53
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Detection of Aggregation-Prone Behavior in Mutant P53 V157F Breast Cancer Cells Using Multipoint Thioflavin T Fluorescence
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Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis
12:55

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis

Published on: February 16, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Somatic mutations in the p53 gene occur in ~50% of human tumors.
  • Germline mutations in p53 are linked to Li-Fraumeni Syndrome, a high familial cancer risk.
  • p53, the "guardian of the genome," is vital for anti-proliferative responses to DNA damage and checkpoint failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the regulatory mechanisms governing p53 protein levels and activity.
  • To investigate the role of p53 in apoptosis, both transcription-dependent and independent.
  • To identify potential therapeutic strategies targeting p53 regulation for cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on p53 regulation and function.
  • Analysis of the roles of p53 negative regulators (Mdmx, Mdm2) and activators (HIPK2, DYRK2).
  • Examination of p53's involvement in apoptotic pathways.

Main Results:

  • p53 activity is tightly regulated to ensure normal cell growth.
  • Cellular stress significantly increases p53 levels and transcriptional activity.
  • p53 stabilization and activation result from reduced inhibition by Mdmx/Mdm2 and enhanced activation by HIPK2/DYRK2.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding p53 regulatory mechanisms is key to developing novel cancer therapeutics.
  • Targeting p53 regulators could lead to strategies for reactivating p53 in various cancers.
  • p53's dual role in transcription-dependent and independent apoptosis highlights its complex tumor suppressive functions.