The neural dynamics of timed motor tasks: evidence from a synchronization-continuation paradigm

Distinct processing that integrates an accurate time scale is necessary for optimal motor behaviour. In the present study, corticocortical interactions as determined by EEG coherence were assessed in a synchronization-continuation paradigm during which subjects initially performed tapping movements in synchrony with external cues, followed by internal pacing of the target interval when the metronome was switched off. Unimanual and bimanual tasks were executed, and continuation of tapping was conducted with the same or different effector(s). The data showed an increased degree of mesial-central connectivity in the unpaced as compared to paced performance that was independent of task complexity, pointing to a general intensified demand of temporal processing when external cues are unavailable. When switching temporal information between effectors, coherence increased across the motor network. This increase depended upon preceding task complexity, and was most prominent for interhemispheric connections when performing unimanual tasks following bimanual pacing. Overall the data illustrate that timing of skilled actions can easily be transferred between effectors, although increased neural resources are required to conform to the temporal and motor constraints.