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[Tolerance of enoximone in patients with heart failure]
1Abteilung Innere Medizin I, St.-Katharinen-Krankenhaus, Frankfurt/Main.
Abstract:
Enoximone, a new phosphodiesterase-inhibitor with positive inotropic and vasodilating activities is available for intravenous use in patients with severe heart failure. A review of the current knowledge regarding the adverse effects of this substance reveals that they are characterized by cardiovascular, central nervous, and gastrointestinal side effects. Adverse effects occurred in 20% of patients and were mostly due to the pharmacological properties of enoximone. Cardiovascular side effects (10%) were the most frequent; ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias were most common. Two to three percent of the patients experienced hypotension due to the vasodilator activity of enoximone. Headache, insomnia, and anxiety were the most frequent adverse effects on the central nervous system. Three percent of the patients treated experienced vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. An increase of liver enzymes and serum glucose could be observed, mostly in patients with previous liver disease or diabetes. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions are not known; possible pharmacodynamic interactions result from the pharmacological properties of the drugs. Intravenous therapy with enoximone causes a few serious side effects that can only be controlled by careful observation of the patients treated.
Insights
Enoximone, a phosphodiesterase-inhibitor for severe heart failure, presents cardiovascular, central nervous, and gastrointestinal adverse effects in 20% of patients. Careful monitoring is crucial for managing these side effects during intravenous therapy.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Cardiology
Context:
- Enoximone is an intravenous phosphodiesterase-inhibitor for severe heart failure.
- It exhibits positive inotropic and vasodilating properties.
Purpose:
- To review the adverse effects of enoximone in patients with severe heart failure.
Summary:
- Adverse effects occur in 20% of patients, primarily due to enoximone's pharmacological actions.
- Cardiovascular effects (10%), including arrhythmias, and hypotension (2-3%) are most common.
- Central nervous system effects (headache, insomnia, anxiety) and gastrointestinal issues (vomiting, nausea, diarrhea) are also reported.
Impact:
- Understanding enoximone's adverse effects profile is critical for safe clinical use.
- Careful patient observation is necessary to manage potential side effects during intravenous therapy.
- The review highlights the need for vigilance regarding cardiovascular, neurological, and gastrointestinal complications.