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Related Concept Videos

MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
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When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...
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Assembly of Signaling Complexes

Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
09:32

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

Published on: June 15, 2017

Using engineered scaffold interactions to reshape MAP kinase pathway signaling dynamics.

Caleb J Bashor1, Noah C Helman, Shude Yan

  • 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California at San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|March 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Scaffold proteins like Ste5 can be engineered to control cellular signaling pathways. This research demonstrates reprogramming cellular responses for novel therapeutic and biotechnological applications.

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Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Systems Biology
  • Cellular Signaling

Background:

  • Scaffold proteins are crucial for assembling signaling molecules into functional complexes.
  • These scaffolds can act as signal-processing hubs, integrating feedback loops to optimize cellular responses.
  • Understanding scaffold protein function is key to manipulating signaling pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential of the Ste5 scaffold protein as a platform for reshaping cellular signaling output.
  • To engineer synthetic feedback loops to modulate the yeast mating MAP kinase pathway.
  • To explore the application of engineered scaffolds in reprogramming cellular functions.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of synthetic positive and negative feedback loops.
  • Dynamic regulation of pathway modulator recruitment to an artificial binding site on the Ste5 scaffold.
  • Analysis of engineered yeast mating MAP kinase pathway output.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that the Ste5 scaffold can be systematically reprogrammed to alter pathway output.
  • Engineered circuits exhibited diverse behaviors including ultrasensitive dose response, altered response times, and tunable adaptation.
  • Successful creation of feedback loops that dynamically controlled signaling pathway dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • Protein scaffolds offer a flexible platform for reprogramming cellular signaling.
  • Engineered scaffolds can be utilized to create novel cellular behaviors.
  • This approach holds potential for developing new therapeutic and biotechnological applications.