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Torque development in isokinetic training.

P C Esselman1, B J de Lateur, A D Alquist

  • 1Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
|September 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Isokinetic training at lower speeds (36 degrees/sec) significantly increased maximal torque more than higher speeds (108 degrees/sec). Strength gains occurred mainly in the first 4-8 weeks of training, suggesting torque development is key.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Isokinetic training is widely used to enhance muscle strength.
  • Optimal training parameters for maximizing strength gains are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of different isokinetic training velocities and repetition schemes on maximal torque development.
  • To examine changes in muscle fiber area and enzyme activity in response to isokinetic training.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty men were randomized into three training groups and one control group.
  • Training involved maximal isokinetic knee extensions at 36 degrees/sec or 108 degrees/sec with varying repetitions for 12 weeks.
  • Maximal torque-velocity tests and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were performed pre- and post-training.

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Main Results:

  • Training at 36 degrees/sec resulted in significantly greater overall torque gains compared to training at 108 degrees/sec.
  • Torque improvements were concentrated in the initial 4-8 weeks of the training period.
  • No significant changes in muscle fiber area were observed, but glycolytic and mitochondrial enzyme activities increased.

Conclusions:

  • The amount of torque developed during isokinetic training appears to be a critical factor for enhancing maximal strength.
  • Lower velocity training (36 degrees/sec) is more effective for increasing maximal torque than higher velocity training (108 degrees/sec).
  • Isokinetic training induces metabolic adaptations in muscle, even without significant hypertrophy.