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Related Experiment Videos

Emerging influenza.

Emmie de Wit1, Ron A M Fouchier

  • 1Department of Virology and National Influenza Center, Erasmus Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Journal of Clinical Virology : the Official Publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology
|March 15, 2008
PubMed
Summary
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Avian influenza viruses like H1N1, H7, and H5N1 can infect mammals. Understanding viral pathogenicity and genetic changes is crucial for preventing future zoonotic pandemics.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Zoonotic Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The 1918 Spanish flu (H1N1) caused over 50 million deaths.
  • Avian influenza A viruses (H7 and H5N1) have caused human cases and outbreaks in mammals.
  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks have impacted diverse mammal species since 1997.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the determinants of pathogenicity of H1N1, H7, and H5N1 avian influenza A viruses in mammals.
  • To identify common mechanisms of virulence and replication in mammals.
  • To emphasize the importance of monitoring genetic changes during zoonotic infections.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of avian influenza A virus pathogenicity in mammals.
  • Analysis of genetic determinants of virulence.

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  • Overview of replication mechanisms in mammalian hosts.

    • Main Results:

    • Common mechanisms for avian influenza virus acquisition of virulence and replication in mammals are emerging.
    • Understanding these mechanisms is key to assessing zoonotic risk.
    • Genetic changes facilitating mammalian transmission are critical areas for future research.

    Conclusions:

    • Continued monitoring of genetic alterations in avian influenza viruses is vital for pandemic preparedness.
    • Identifying genetic factors enabling mammalian-to-mammalian transmission is a priority.
    • This knowledge will aid in mitigating the impact of future zoonotic influenza events.