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Update on coeliac disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus in childhood

A Franzese1, F Lombardi, G Valerio

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy. franzese@unina.it

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM
|March 18, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) often have coeliac disease (CD). Research suggests a shared gut immune system link, with potential gluten involvement in DM1 patients who develop CD.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and coeliac disease (CD) share increased prevalence in children.
  • A connection between the gut immune system and DM1 is supported by animal and human studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, genetics, and clinical aspects of DM1 and CD.
  • To explore the potential role of gluten in the relationship between DM1 and CD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological, genetic, and clinical data.
  • Analysis of recent animal and human studies on oral tolerance and gluten's role.

Main Results:

  • Data indicate a breakdown in oral tolerance mechanisms in DM1, distinct from CD.
  • The exact reasons for a small subset of DM1 patients developing CD antibodies and enteropathy are unclear.

Conclusions:

  • DM1 and CD share immunological links, potentially involving gluten.
  • Further research is needed to understand why only some DM1 patients develop coeliac disease features.

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