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Related Concept Videos

Active Transport01:14

Active Transport

Active transport is a critical biological process that allows cells to move solutes against an electrochemical gradient. This process requires direct energy input and is characterized by its selectivity, saturability, and susceptibility to competitive inhibition.
Primary active transporters, like Na+, K+ and -ATPase, directly utilize ATP to move ions across the membrane. These transporters play significant roles in various physiological processes. For instance, Na+, K+ and -ATPase maintain...
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
Secondary Active Transport01:55

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme “pump” embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...

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Demonstration of Membrane Transport of Histidine using Goat Intestinal Inverted Sacs: An Experiential Pedagogical Tool for Undergraduates
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A comparative case study on active transport to and from school.

Carrie E Fesperman1, Kelly R Evenson, Daniel A Rodríguez

  • 1American Planning Association, 1776 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA. cfesperman@planning.org

Preventing Chronic Disease
|March 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Implementing all five strategies of the Active Living by Design Community Action Model framework positively impacts active-transport-to-school programs. The quality of strategy execution, not just their presence, is key for successful school travel initiatives.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Community Health
  • Urban Planning

Background:

  • Investigates active-transport-to-school initiatives using the Active Living by Design Community Action Model framework.
  • The framework comprises five strategies: preparation, promotion, programs, policies, and physical projects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the influence of the five strategies on active-transport-to-school initiatives.
  • To identify enablers and challenges affecting the success of these programs.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative case study of two North Carolina schools.
  • Interviews with 16 key stakeholders (principals, teachers, planners, parents, etc.).
  • Content analysis using NVivo software, evaluated against the framework.

Main Results:

  • All five strategies positively influenced active-transport-to-school programs.
  • Schools using all five strategies showed varied success based on scope and duration.
  • Identified enablers (funding, community/school support, parental buy-in) and challenges (location, infrastructure).

Conclusions:

  • The quality of strategy implementation is more critical than their mere presence.
  • A multidisciplinary approach is vital for success, focusing on promotion, resources, school support, and environmental changes.
  • Sustaining parental buy-in is crucial for future walk-to-school initiatives.