Laparoscopic surgery for HIV-infected patients: minimizing dangers for all concerned

As the number of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) increases and their life-expectancy grows, more patients will present with conditions that require surgical intervention. Laparoscopic procedures provide several specific advantages over traditional (open) procedures in this population. For the patient, the extent of invasiveness is diminished; incisions are limited; healing time and wound complications can be decreased; pulmonary function is optimized; and the patient rapidly returns to regular activity. For the surgical team, risk of exposure to body fluids is minimized. For the general population, the exclusive use of readily available disposable instruments addresses infection control issues. Of 62 procedures performed on HIV-infected patients prior to the availability of laparoscopic surgery in the general surgery department, 27 (43.6%) could have been approached laparoscopically. Two patients with HIV infection are described who recently underwent successful laparoscopic procedures. In one case, this approach was the only option the patient would consent to. More widespread use of the approach should be specifically encouraged in patients with HIV infection.