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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:16

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi radialis,...
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Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
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The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
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Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

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Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...

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Vascularized Composite Hand Allograft Procurement and Preparation for Distal and Proximal Forearm Allotransplantation: A Stepwise Approach
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Extensor indicis proprius transfer for the abducted small finger.

Moon Sang Chung1, Goo Hyun Baek, Joo Han Oh

  • 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

The Journal of Hand Surgery
|March 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Extensor indicis proprius (EIP) transfer offers a reliable solution for correcting small finger abduction. This surgical technique effectively restores adduction and maintains full finger mobility, providing a viable alternative to traditional methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Hand surgery
  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Reconstructive surgery

Background:

  • Persistent small finger abduction poses a reconstructive challenge.
  • Traditional extensor digiti minimi transfer may be limited by anatomical variations.
  • An alternative surgical approach is needed for effective correction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the outcomes of extensor indicis proprius (EIP) transfer for correcting persistent small finger abduction.
  • To assess the efficacy of EIP transfer as an alternative to extensor digiti minimi transfer.

Main Methods:

  • Eight EIP transfers were performed in eight patients with persistent small finger abduction.
  • Etiologies included ulnar neuropathy sequelae, palmar interosseous rupture, and intrinsic muscle fibrosis.
  • The EIP tendon was elongated and transferred to the extensor hood; outcomes were measured by active adduction and abduction angles.

Main Results:

  • Mean follow-up was 23 months, with significant improvement in the average adduction angle (19° to 1°).
  • Six patients achieved excellent results, one good, and one fair, with no loss of flexion or extension.
  • No extension lag or functional deficits of the donor index finger were observed; adjacent fingers remained unaffected.

Conclusions:

  • Extensor indicis proprius transfer is a reliable and effective method for correcting small finger abduction deformity.
  • This technique successfully restores active abduction while preserving full flexion and extension, offering a valuable alternative for hand surgeons.