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Related Concept Videos

Nociception01:44

Nociception

Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain. Thus, pain helps the...
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...
Pain01:20

Pain

Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Assessment of Nerve Injury-Induced Mechanical Hypersensitivity in Rats Using an Orofacial Operant Pain Assay
07:39

Assessment of Nerve Injury-Induced Mechanical Hypersensitivity in Rats Using an Orofacial Operant Pain Assay

Published on: July 26, 2022

Neuropathic orofacial pain.

Rafael Benoliel1, Eli Eliav

  • 1Department of Oral Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, POB 12272, Jerusalem, Israel 91120. benoliel@cc.huji.ac.il

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America
|March 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This review covers neuropathic orofacial pain syndromes, including trigeminal neuralgia and persistent idiopathic facial pain. It details their diagnosis, causes, and treatment options for better patient management.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pain Medicine
  • Oral Medicine

Background:

  • Neuropathic orofacial pain encompasses diverse clinical syndromes.
  • These conditions can be spontaneous or trauma-induced, presenting diagnostic challenges.
  • Distinguishing orofacial pain from dental pathology is often difficult.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and therapeutic strategies for various neuropathic orofacial pain conditions.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of challenging orofacial pain disorders.
  • To aid clinicians in identifying and managing these complex pain syndromes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neuropathic orofacial pain conditions.
  • Synthesis of information on diagnosis and pathophysiology.

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Chronic Constriction Injury of the Distal Infraorbital Nerve (DIoN-CCI) in Mice to Study Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain
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Chronic Constriction Injury of the Distal Infraorbital Nerve (DIoN-CCI) in Mice to Study Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain

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Assessment of Nerve Injury-Induced Mechanical Hypersensitivity in Rats Using an Orofacial Operant Pain Assay

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Chronic Constriction Injury of the Rat's Infraorbital Nerve (IoN-CCI) to Study Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain
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Chronic Constriction Injury of the Rat's Infraorbital Nerve (IoN-CCI) to Study Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain

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Chronic Constriction Injury of the Distal Infraorbital Nerve (DIoN-CCI) in Mice to Study Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain

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  • Overview of current therapeutic approaches.

    • Main Results:

    • Detailed review of trigeminal and glossopharyngeal neuralgias.
    • Discussion of orofacial pain linked to herpetic infections.
    • Exploration of persistent idiopathic facial pain and post-traumatic neuropathies.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management requires accurate diagnosis and understanding of pathophysiology.
    • A multidisciplinary approach is often necessary for optimal treatment outcomes.
    • Further research is needed to refine therapeutic strategies for orofacial neuropathic pain.