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Determination of particulate-bound formaldehyde from burning incense by solid phase microextraction.

S W Liou1, C Y Chen, T T Yang

  • 1Institute of Environmental Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10055, Taiwan, Republic of China.

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
|March 18, 2008
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This study shows solid phase microextraction (SPME) fibers can effectively sample gaseous and particulate formaldehyde from incense smoke. The method shows promise, though particle presence can reduce formaldehyde capture efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Formaldehyde is a common indoor air pollutant, often emitted from burning incense.
  • Accurate measurement of formaldehyde, both gaseous and particulate-bound, is crucial for assessing exposure risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility of using a modified Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) fiber for sampling formaldehyde from Chinese incense smoke.
  • To compare the SPME method with a standard method (NIOSH 2541) for formaldehyde analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized SPME fibers with PDMS/DVB coating, chemically treated with o-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)-hydroxylamine hydrochloride (PFBHA).
  • Sampled gaseous and particulate-bound formaldehyde from incense smoke, with and without pre-filtration.
  • Simultaneously conducted sampling using NIOSH Method 2541 with an XAD-2 tube.

Main Results:

  • The PFBHA-treated SPME fibers successfully sampled both gaseous and particulate-bound formaldehyde.
  • Formaldehyde levels determined by SPME closely correlated with those from the NIOSH method.
  • A reduced formaldehyde loading capacity was observed for SPME fibers when sampling aerosols compared to gas sampling.

Conclusions:

  • Modified SPME fibers are a viable tool for analyzing formaldehyde in incense smoke.
  • Particulate matter in incense smoke can affect the SPME fiber's formaldehyde adsorption capacity and potentially degrade the fiber coating.