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IR Spectrometers

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

Applications of IR Spectroscopy: Overview

The non-destructive nature and ability to provide valuable chemical information make IR spectroscopy a versatile technique with broad applications in various scientific and industrial fields. IR spectroscopy is commonly used to identify and characterize organic and inorganic compounds. It provides information about the functional groups present in a molecule and the bonding between atoms. This helps in the structural elucidation of compounds during organic synthesis, pharmaceutical research,...

IR Spectrum

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0% (complete...

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...

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Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

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Infrared intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy with a continuous-scan Fourier-transform interferometer.

J Cheng, H Lin, S Hu

|March 18, 2008

Summary

This study demonstrates high-resolution infrared spectroscopy using intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy (ICLAS) with a Ti:sapphire laser and a Fourier-transform interferometer. The technique achieves excellent signal-to-noise ratios for atmospheric water vapor detection.

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Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies

Characterizing Far-infrared Laser Emissions and the Measurement of Their Frequencies

Published on: December 18, 2015

Area of Science:

Spectroscopy
Atmospheric Science
Laser Physics

Background:

High-resolution spectroscopy is crucial for analyzing atmospheric composition.
Intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy (ICLAS) offers enhanced sensitivity for spectral measurements.
Fourier-transform (FT) interferometry is a standard technique for spectral analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a high-quality broadband infrared high-resolution spectroscopy method.
To measure the absorption of atmospheric water vapor with high accuracy and sensitivity.
To compare the performance of the new method with conventional FT techniques.

Main Methods:

Utilized intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy (ICLAS) with a Ti:sapphire laser.
Employed a continuous-scan Fourier-transform (FT) interferometer for spectral acquisition.
Applied electronic filtering to stabilize laser power and improve signal-to-noise ratio.

Main Results:

Achieved high-resolution spectra (0.05 cm(-1)) in the 12,450-12,700 cm(-1) range.
Recorded atmospheric water vapor absorption with a signal-to-noise ratio > 300.
Demonstrated a minimum detectable absorption of approximately 2 x 10(-9) cm(-1).
Obtained highly accurate line positions and reasonable line intensities compared to conventional FT methods.

Conclusions:

The ICLAS technique with a continuous-scan FT spectrometer provides superior performance for high-resolution infrared spectroscopy.
This method enables sensitive and accurate measurements of atmospheric water vapor absorption.
The technique is suitable for investigating spectral evolution over time using rapid-scan methods.