Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The iodine is then...
Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Standards of care for medical management of acromegaly in pituitary tumor centers of excellence (PTCOE).

Pituitary·2024
Same author

Pilot study to define criteria for Pituitary Tumors Centers of Excellence (PTCOE): results of an audit of leading international centers.

Pituitary·2023
Same author

One year of the pandemic - how European endocrinologists responded to the crisis: a statement from the European Society of Endocrinology.

European journal of endocrinology·2021
Same author

[Teprotumumab for thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy : OPTIC].

Der Internist·2020
Same author

[Diabetology on the move].

Der Internist·2019
Same author

[Erratum to: Hypothyroidism-when and how to treat?]

Der Internist·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions
05:41

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

[Substitution of thyroid hormones].

R Gärtner1, M Reincke

  • 1Medizinische Klinik Innenstadt, Universität München, Ziemssenstrasse 1, 80336, München, Deutschland. roland.gaertner@med.uni-muenchen.de

Der Internist
|March 18, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Levothyroxine is the standard treatment for hypothyroidism. Factors like age, pregnancy, and certain medications affect dosage and absorption, necessitating thyroid function re-checks when switching brands.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Context:

  • Levothyroxine (L-T4) is the primary treatment for hypothyroidism.
  • TSH and free T4 levels are key indicators for monitoring treatment efficacy.
  • Subclinical hypothyroidism management is individualized based on clinical presentation.

Purpose:

  • To review the role of Levothyroxine in hypothyroidism management.
  • To discuss factors influencing Levothyroxine absorption and dosage.
  • To highlight the importance of monitoring thyroid function, especially when switching Levothyroxine brands.

Summary:

  • Levothyroxine is the preferred treatment for hypothyroidism, aiming to restore euthyroidism.
  • Intestinal absorption of Levothyroxine is pH-dependent and can be reduced by various factors, including H. pylori and proton-pump inhibitors.

More Related Videos

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
10:19

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions
05:41

Synchronous Triplanar Reconstruction Integrated with Color Doppler Mapping for Precise and Rapid Localization of Thyroid Lesions

Published on: February 9, 2024

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration
10:19

Substernal Thyroid Biopsy Using Endobronchial Ultrasound-guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

Published on: November 10, 2014

  • Dosage adjustments are necessary for specific populations (e.g., children, pregnant women, elderly) and conditions affecting absorption.
  • Bioavailability variations among Levothyroxine generics (0.8-1.25) underscore the need for thyroid function re-evaluation upon brand changes.

    • Impact:

    • Ensures optimal Levothyroxine therapy and patient outcomes.
    • Informs clinical practice regarding Levothyroxine prescribing and monitoring.
    • Highlights potential challenges in Levothyroxine therapy and strategies for management.