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Bottom profiling by correlating beam-steered noise sequences.

Chris H Harrison1, Martin Siderius

  • 1NURC, Viale San Bartolomeo, 400, 19126 La Spezia, Italy. harrison@nurc.nato.int

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
|March 19, 2008
PubMed
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Ambient noise cross-correlation reveals subbottom layers using drifting vertical arrays. This method accurately profiles seabed layers, even with uncorrelated surface noise, matching echo sounder results.

Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Oceanography
  • Acoustics

Background:

  • Subbottom profiling traditionally relies on active sonar systems.
  • Cross-correlation of ambient noise with vertical arrays offers a passive alternative for seabed characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically and computationally demonstrate that uncorrelated surface noise can yield accurate subbottom layer profiles.
  • To investigate the influence of array beam steering, seabed topography, and layering on the profiling results.

Main Methods:

  • Simulating sound propagation from random surface sources to a vertical array, including direct and reflected paths.
  • Analyzing cross-correlations of noise time series from upward and downward steered beams.
  • Conducting experimental measurements using vertical arrays at Mediterranean sites.

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Main Results:

  • A well-defined correlation spike accurately indicates the seabed reflection depth, even with unstructured noise.
  • Simulations and experiments show predictable correlation amplitudes, proportional to echo sounder equivalents.
  • The method's robustness is confirmed across various seabed conditions and array configurations.

Conclusions:

  • Uncorrelated ambient noise is a viable and effective source for passive subbottom profiling.
  • This passive acoustic method provides accurate seabed layer information comparable to active sonar.
  • The technique shows promise for widespread application in marine geophysics and resource exploration.