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Related Concept Videos

Electron Configurations02:46

Electron Configurations

Electron configurations and orbital diagrams can be determined by applying the Aufbau principle (each added electron occupies the subshell of lowest energy available), Pauli exclusion principle (no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers), and Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity (whenever possible, electrons retain unpaired spins in degenerate orbitals).
The relative energies of the subshells determine the order in which atomic orbitals are filled (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s,...
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To determine the electron configuration for any particular atom, we can build the structures in the order of atomic numbers. Beginning with hydrogen, and continuing across the periods of the periodic table, we add one proton at a time to the nucleus and one electron to the proper subshell until we have described the electron configurations of all the elements. This procedure is called the aufbau principle, from the German word aufbau (“to build up”). Each added electron occupies the subshell of...
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When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Catalytic Reactions at Amine-Stabilized and Ligand-Free Platinum Nanoparticles Supported on Titania During Hydrogenation of Alkenes and Aldehydes
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Electron attachment to Ni(PF(3))(4) and Pt(PF(3))(4).

Jeffrey F Friedman1, Thomas M Miller, Jessica K Friedman-Schaffer

  • 1Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom Air Force Base, Bedford, MA 01731-3010, USA. jeff@prtc.net

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|March 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Thermal electron attachment to nickel and platinum trifluorophosphine complexes is efficient, though less than collisional rates. Both Ni(PF3)4 and Pt(PF3)4 lose a ligand upon attachment, forming M(PF3)3- ions.

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Chemical Physics

Background:

  • Transition metal complexes, particularly those with phosphine ligands, are of interest for their electronic properties.
  • Understanding electron attachment mechanisms is crucial for various applications, including materials science and atmospheric chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate thermal electron attachment to Ni(PF3)4 and Pt(PF3)4.
  • To determine the rate constants and activation energies for these electron attachment reactions.
  • To elucidate the fragmentation pathways and resulting negative ions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a flowing-afterglow Langmuir-probe apparatus for experimental measurements.
  • Employed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to model the reaction thermochemistry.
  • Analyzed negative-ion mass spectra to identify product ions.

Main Results:

  • Both Ni(PF3)4 and Pt(PF3)4 exhibit efficient electron attachment, with rate constants below collisional limits.
  • Rate constants at room temperature: 1.9 x 10^-7 cm^3 s^-1 for Ni(PF3)4 and 5.4 x 10^-8 cm^3 s^-1 for Pt(PF3)4.
  • Activation energies determined: 39±5 meV for Ni(PF3)4 and 84±8 meV for Pt(PF3)4.
  • Electron attachment results in the loss of one PF3 ligand, forming M(PF3)3- ions.

Conclusions:

  • Ni(PF3)4 and Pt(PF3)4 are effective electron acceptors.
  • The electron attachment process involves ligand dissociation.
  • DFT calculations provide insights into the reaction energetics.