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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia01:27

Depressive Disorders: MDD and Dysthymia

Depressive disorders are a group of mental health conditions characterized by pervasive feelings of sadness, diminished pleasure in life, and a significant impact on daily functioning. These conditions are most prevalent in individuals during their 30s and affect women at twice the rate of men. Contrary to popular belief, younger individuals are generally more susceptible to these disorders than older adults. Two key types of depressive disorders include Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...

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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
10:39

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

Published on: June 2, 2014

Chronic daily headache.

Giuseppe Nappi1, Armando Perrotta, Paolo Rossi

  • 1University Centre for Adaptive Disorders and Headache, IRCCS C. Mondino Institute of Neurology Foundation, University of Pavia, Italy. giuseppe.nappi@mondino.it

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
|March 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic daily headache (CDH) affects millions globally, encompassing various headache types, often evolving from episodic forms. This review covers CDH classification, causes, and treatment options.

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Headache Medicine

Background:

  • Chronic daily headache (CDH) is a prevalent condition affecting 4-5% of the global population.
  • It encompasses a heterogeneous group of headaches, including transformed migraine and chronic tension-type headache, often linked to medication overuse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the classification, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches for chronic daily headaches.
  • To address the ongoing debate in CDH classification and the lack of approved specific therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on CDH.
  • Analysis of classification criteria and diagnostic challenges.
  • Overview of current pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • CDH presents diagnostic challenges, though recent criteria revisions have improved classification.
  • Few large-scale controlled trials exist for CDH treatments.
  • The review synthesizes current knowledge on CDH pathophysiology and therapeutic options.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of CDH requires addressing classification ambiguities and advancing therapeutic research.
  • A comprehensive understanding of CDH pathophysiology is crucial for developing targeted treatments.