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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
10:04

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Published on: September 5, 2017

Skin tuberculosis in children: learning from India.

Gomathy Sethuraman1, V Ramesh, M Ramam

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Venereology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India. kgsethu@yahoo.com

Dermatologic Clinics
|March 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Cutaneous tuberculosis (skin TB) is a significant health issue in Indian children, with changing patterns showing an increase in lichen scrofulosorum. Children may experience more severe and widespread skin TB, often with systemic involvement.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
10:04

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Published on: September 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Cutaneous tuberculosis (CTB) is a prevalent health concern in India, comprising approximately 1.5% of all extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases.
  • Scrofuloderma and lupus vulgaris are historically the most common clinical presentations of CTB in children.
  • Recent observations indicate a shift in CTB epidemiology, with an increasing incidence of tuberculid forms, particularly lichen scrofulosorum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the evolving epidemiological and clinical patterns of cutaneous tuberculosis in pediatric populations in India.
  • To compare the clinical manifestations of CTB in children with those observed in adults.
  • To highlight the unique aspects of CTB presentation in children, including potential for severe disease and systemic involvement.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of pediatric CTB cases.
  • Review of clinical presentations, diagnostic methods, and treatment outcomes.
  • Comparison of CTB patterns in children versus adults.

Main Results:

  • Lichen scrofulosorum, a tuberculid, is increasingly observed in pediatric CTB cases.
  • While many clinical patterns resemble adult CTB, children can present with more extensive and severe skin involvement.
  • Uncommon and unusual CTB presentations are more frequently noted in pediatric patients.
  • Systemic involvement is a more common comorbidity in children with CTB compared to adults.

Conclusions:

  • The epidemiology of cutaneous tuberculosis in Indian children is dynamic, with a notable rise in tuberculid presentations like lichen scrofulosorum.
  • Pediatric CTB requires vigilant diagnosis and management due to the potential for severe, widespread disease and associated systemic complications.
  • Understanding these evolving patterns is crucial for timely and effective pediatric dermatological and infectious disease care in endemic regions.