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Related Concept Videos

Insomnia01:27

Insomnia

Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings during the night, and waking up too early without being able to return to sleep. People with insomnia often experience these disruptions at least three nights a week for at least one month. Chronic insomnia, which lasts for at least three months, can lead to increased anxiety, which in turn can worsen sleep difficulties, creating a cycle of sleeplessness and stress.
Multiple factors contribute...
Management of Insomnia01:19

Management of Insomnia

The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
Understanding Sleep01:11

Understanding Sleep

Sleep, an essential biological state, involves significant reductions in physical activity, sensory awareness, and interaction with the environment. This complex physiological process is primarily regulated by specific brain regions, notably the hypothalamus and pons, which govern the sleep-wake cycle or circadian rhythm.
The circadian rhythm, a nearly 24-hour cycle, is deeply influenced by environmental light cues. Light exposure directly affects the hypothalamus, which in turn regulates...
Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation01:13

Insufficient Sleep and Sleep Deprivation

Insufficient sleep refers to not getting the recommended amount of sleep for optimal functioning, even if it's just slightly less than needed. Sleep insufficiency may occur due to lifestyle choices, such as staying up late for social events or work, resulting in routinely getting less sleep than required. For example, consistently sleeping 6 hours when the body needs 7-9 hours can lead to cumulative effects on health and well-being.
Sleep deprivation is a more severe form of sleep loss...
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview01:23

Sedatives and Hypnotics: Overview

Sedatives are drugs that alleviate anxiety, while hypnotics induce sleep. Both classes of medication suppress neuronal activity, leading to a calming effect for sedatives and facilitating sleep for hypnotics.
Sedative-hypnotics are categorized into barbiturates, benzodiazepines (BZDs), and non-benzodiazepines or Z-drugs. These drugs work by suppressing central nervous system activity, and this suppression is dose-dependent. Older sedative medications, like barbiturates, follow a linear curve in...

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A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice
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A Chronic Sleep Fragmentation Model using Vibrating Orbital Rotor to Induce Cognitive Deficit and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Young Wild-Type Mice

Published on: September 22, 2020

Understanding insomnia through cognitive modelling.

Colin A Espie1

  • 1University of Glasgow Sleep Centre, Sackler Institute of Psychobiological Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom. c.espie@clinmed.gla.ac.uk

Sleep Medicine
|April 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive factors like intrusive thoughts contribute to insomnia. The attention-intention-effort (AIE) syndrome highlights how cognitive biases and behaviors perpetuate sleep difficulties, requiring further investigation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive models of insomnia are increasingly supported and integrated into diagnostic frameworks.
  • Mental events, such as intrusive thoughts, frequently disrupt sleep in individuals with insomnia.
  • Dysfunctional cognition and distorted sleep perception are common in psychophysiological insomnia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of cognitive factors, particularly attention bias, in the perpetuation of insomnia.
  • To investigate the proposed attention-intention-effort (AIE) syndrome as a subtype of psychophysiological insomnia.
  • To examine the interaction between behavioral and cognitive factors in insomnia development and maintenance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of cognitive models and neurocognitive studies on insomnia.
  • Application of cognitive probe tasks to assess attention bias towards sleep-related stimuli.
  • Analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) data related to cognitive processes around sleep onset.

Main Results:

  • High-frequency EEG activity associated with cognitive processes is enhanced in insomnia patients near sleep onset.
  • Attention bias towards sleep stimuli plays a role in mediating insomnia.
  • The attention-intention-effort (AIE) syndrome integrates behavioral and cognitive aspects of insomnia.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive processes, especially attention bias, are significant in insomnia.
  • The attention-intention-effort (AIE) syndrome offers a framework for understanding insomnia's cognitive-behavioral interplay.
  • Further research is needed on AIE's causal role and its presence in diverse insomnia populations.