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Nature and Nurture01:10

Nature and Nurture

Many human characteristics, like height, are shaped by both nature—in other words, by our genes—and by nurture, or our environment. For example, chronic stress during childhood inhibits the production of growth hormones and consequently reduces bone growth and height. Scientists estimate that 70-90% of variation in height is due to genetic differences among individuals, and 10-30% of variation in height is due to differences in the environments that individuals experience, such as differences...
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When more than one gene is responsible for a given phenotype, the trait is considered polygenic. Human height is a polygenic trait. Studies have uncovered hundreds of loci that influence height, and there are believed to be many more. Due to the high number of genes involved, as well as environmental and nutritional factors, height varies significantly within a given population. The distribution of height forms a bell-shaped curve, with relatively few individuals in the population at the...
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Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
09:36

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study

Published on: February 2, 2017

Does cigarette use influence adiposity or height in adolescence?

Jennifer O'Loughlin1, Igor Karp, Melanie Henderson

  • 1Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montréal, QC, Canada. jennifer.oloughlin@umontreal.ca

Annals of Epidemiology
|March 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Cigarette use was linked to decreased height and body mass index in adolescent boys, but not in girls. Tobacco control messages may need to address perceived weight benefits for young females.

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Area of Science:

  • Adolescent Health
  • Public Health
  • Tobacco Control

Background:

  • Adolescent smoking remains a significant public health concern.
  • Understanding the physiological effects of smoking in adolescents is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between cigarette consumption and anthropometric measures (height, adiposity) in adolescents.
  • To determine if these effects differ between sexes.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study tracking cigarette use and anthropometric data (height, weight, skinfold thickness) in adolescents over 5 years.
  • Multivariate linear regression models analyzed pooled data from two time periods.
  • Participants were initially 12-13 years old.

Main Results:

  • In boys, increased cigarette use (100 cigarettes/month) was associated with a decrease in body mass index (-0.4 kg/m²) and height (-0.7 cm).
  • No significant association was found between cigarette use and height or adiposity in girls.
  • Smoking prevalence increased slightly over the study period in both sexes.

Conclusions:

  • Cigarette smoking negatively impacts height and body mass index in adolescent boys.
  • Adolescent girls do not exhibit the same anthropometric changes with smoking, suggesting a need for tailored tobacco control messaging.
  • Public health campaigns should emphasize that smoking does not reliably lead to weight reduction in females.