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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

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Published on: February 22, 2018

Interaction between intruders in vibrated granular beds.

L T Lui¹, Michael R Swift, R M Bowley

¹School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|March 21, 2008

Summary

Two intruder particles in a fluidized granular bed interact attractively. This interaction

Area of Science:

Physics
Granular Materials Science
Computational Physics

Background:

Neutrally buoyant particles in vibrated granular beds exhibit interactions.
Previous studies identified interaction ranges of approximately five intruder diameters.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of interactions between two intruder particles.
To develop a predictive model for intruder-intruder forces.
To explore methods for altering the nature of the interaction (attractive vs. repulsive).

Main Methods:

Molecular dynamics simulations were employed.
Analysis focused on the spatial and temporal characteristics of particle interactions.
An equation of state was derived relating force to local density and kinetic energy.

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Published on: February 22, 2018

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Main Results:

A quantitative relationship between intruder-intruder force, local density, and kinetic energy was established.
The attractive interaction force was successfully modeled using a derived equation of state.
Reducing the coefficient of restitution between intruder and host particles inverted the interaction from attractive to repulsive.

Conclusions:

The interaction force between intruders in a vibrated granular medium is predictable.
The nature of the interaction can be tuned by modifying particle properties, specifically the coefficient of restitution.