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Related Concept Videos

Multiple Allele Traits01:49

Multiple Allele Traits

The Concept of Multiple Allelism
Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell02:21

Cancers Originate from Somatic Mutations in a Single Cell

Cancer arises from mutations in the critical genes that allow healthy cells to escape cell cycle regulation and acquire the ability to proliferate indefinitely. Though originating from a single mutation event in one of the originator cells, cancer progresses when the mutant cell lines continue to gain more and more mutations, and finally, become malignant. For example, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) develops initially as a non-lethal increase in white blood cells, which progressively...
Mismatch Repair01:20

Mismatch Repair

Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
Genome Copying Errors02:46

Genome Copying Errors

DNA replication is a well-evolved process that copies millions of base pairs with high fidelity during each cell division. Occasionally a wrong base or a long stretch of wrong bases may get added to the daughter strands. If the errors are left unchecked, cells might accumulate several mutations that might endanger their  survival. Therefore, the copying errors are checked and repaired at three levels.
Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Characterizing Mutational Load and Clonal Composition of Human Blood
07:58

Characterizing Mutational Load and Clonal Composition of Human Blood

Published on: July 11, 2019

Multiple mutant clones in blood rarely coexist.

David Dingli1, Jorge M Pacheco, Arne Traulsen

  • 1Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|March 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Acquired blood disorders from multiple gene mutations are rare. Stochastic modeling shows single mutations in hematopoietic stem cells are more common, requiring less development time.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Genetics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Leukemias originate from genomic mutations in blood cells.
  • Hematopoiesis involves a complex hierarchy of stem and progenitor cells with varying replication and differentiation rates.
  • Understanding mutation-selection dynamics in blood cells necessitates a stochastic modeling approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of single versus multiple gene mutations in acquired hematopoietic disorders.
  • To analyze mutation emergence in both stem cell and committed progenitor compartments.
  • To assess the likelihood of multi-gene mutations in the development of blood disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing stochastic dynamics to model mutation-selection processes in hematopoiesis.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

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  • Analyzing the impact of mutation location (stem vs. committed cells) on disease development.
  • Comparing the time scales for single versus multiple gene mutations.

    • Main Results:

    • Acquired hematopoietic disorders are primarily associated with single gene mutations.
    • The emergence of multiple gene mutations is significantly less probable.
    • Mutation timing and location within the hematopoietic hierarchy are critical factors.

    Conclusions:

    • In the absence of genomic instability, acquired disorders from multiple gene mutations are exceedingly rare.
    • Single mutations in hematopoietic stem cells are a more frequent cause of blood disorders.
    • The extended development time for multiple mutations limits their contribution to disease onset.