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Related Concept Videos

Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

Standing Waves in a Cavity

A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Microwave Photonics Systems Based on Whispering-gallery-mode Resonators
12:18

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Published on: August 5, 2013

Static envelope patterns in composite resonances generated by level crossing in optical toroidal microcavities.

Tal Carmon1, Harald G L Schwefel, Lan Yang

  • 1Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. tcarmon@umich.edu

Physical Review Letters
|March 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary

We observed optical mode crossings in toroidal microcavities, revealing how different light wavelengths interact. Our study images these patterns and analyzes their behavior, providing insights into light confinement in microresonators.

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Published on: December 11, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Microcavity Physics
  • Wave Phenomena

Background:

  • Whispering-gallery (WG) modes are fundamental to microcavity optics.
  • Understanding mode interactions is crucial for optical device design.
  • Toroidal microcavities offer unique geometries for light confinement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate level crossing phenomena in optical whispering-gallery modes.
  • To experimentally image and numerically analyze composite optical modes.
  • To understand mode behavior when different wavelengths coincide in frequency.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental imaging of stationary envelope patterns of composite optical modes.
  • Numerical calculation of level crossings for degenerate modes.
  • Analysis incorporating non-transverse field polarizations.
  • Investigation of mode anticrossing with a focus on avoidance gaps.

Main Results:

  • Observed and imaged stationary envelope patterns of composite optical modes.
  • Calculated level crossings corresponding to experimentally observed degenerate modes.
  • Accounted for non-transverse polarization effects in mode calculations.
  • Analyzed anticrossing behavior, noting a significant avoidance gap for modes with the same azimuthal number.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated the phenomenon of level crossing in optical WG modes within toroidal microcavities.
  • Provided a comprehensive analysis of mode interactions, including polarization effects.
  • Highlighted the importance of analyzing anticrossing for understanding mode behavior in microcavities.