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Related Concept Videos

Angle of Twist: Problem Solving01:13

Angle of Twist: Problem Solving

An electric motor applies a torque of 700 N·m to an aluminum shaft, triggering a stable rotation. Two pulleys, B and C, are subjected to torques of 300 N·m and 400 N·m, respectively. The modulus of rigidity is provided as 25 GPa. With the knowledge of the length and diameter of each segment, the twist angle between the two pulleys can be computed. First, a section cut is made between pulleys B and C, and the cut cross-section is analyzed using a free-body diagram. Given that the torque exerted...
Angle of Twist - Elastic Range01:13

Angle of Twist - Elastic Range

Consider a cylindrical shaft with a length denoted by L and a consistent cross-sectional radius referred to as r. This shaft undergoes a torque at the free end. The highest shearing strain within the shaft is directly proportional to the twist angle and the radial distance from the shaft axis. When the shaft behaves elastically, this shearing strain can be articulated using variables such as the applied torque, radial distance, the polar moment of inertia, and the modulus of rigidity. By...
Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts01:10

Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts

In materials that exhibit elastic and plastic behavior, known as elastoplastic materials, residual stresses can accumulate when these materials experience plastic deformation. This deformation arises from either high levels of shearing stress or significant strains. Residual stresses are internal stresses that persist within a material after removing the external force causing deformation. This phenomenon is demonstrated when observing the behavior of a shaft under torque; notably, the shaft's...
Torque01:10

Torque

Torque is an important quantity for describing the dynamics of a rotating rigid body. We see the application of torque in many ways in the world, such as when pressing the accelerator in a car, which causes the engine to apply additional torque on the drivetrain. Here, we define torque and provide a framework to create an equation to calculate torque for a rigid body with fixed-axis rotation.
Torque can be considered as the rotational counterpart to force. Since forces change the translational...
Net Torque Calculations01:19

Net Torque Calculations

When a mechanic tries to remove a hex nut with a wrench, it is easier if the force is applied at the farthest end of the wrench handle. The lever arm is the distance from the pivot point (the hex nut in this case) to the person’s hand. If this distance is large, the torque is higher. Only the component of the force perpendicular to the lever arm contributes to the torque. Therefore, pushing the wrench perpendicular to the lever arm is more advantageous. If multiple people apply force to rotate...
Screw: Problem Solving01:21

Screw: Problem Solving

In mechanical engineering, the interaction between a threaded screw shaft and a plate gear involves analyzing the resisting torque on the plate gear that can be overpowered when a specific torsional moment is applied to the shaft. To better comprehend this concept, consider a generic situation with a threaded screw shaft with a given mean radius and lead and a plate gear with a specified mean radius. The coefficient of static friction between the screw and gear is also provided.
To evaluate the...

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Related Experiment Video

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Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
11:41

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque

Published on: May 19, 2014

Torque and twist against superlubricity.

Alexander E Filippov1, Martin Dienwiebel, Joost W M Frenken

  • 1Donetsk Institute for Physics and Engineering of NASU, 83144, Donetsk, Ukraine.

Physical Review Letters
|March 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Superlubricity, a low-friction state crucial for micro-machines, can be lost. Torque-induced reorientation of lamellar solids can unexpectedly stabilize high friction, hindering superlubricity.

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Area of Science:

  • Tribology
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Superlubricity, characterized by near-zero friction, is vital for micro-scale devices.
  • Lamellar solids are commonly used lubricants to achieve superlubricity.
  • Understanding friction mechanisms is key to designing reliable micro-machines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the potential loss of superlubricity in contacts lubricated by lamellar solids.
  • To explore the role of torque-induced reorientation in friction.
  • To identify conditions that stabilize high friction states.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental analysis of friction between surfaces.
  • Theoretical modeling of atomic/molecular interactions.
  • Simulations of torque and lateral motion effects on lubricant orientation.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that superlubricity can be eliminated under specific conditions.
  • Identified torque-induced reorientation as a mechanism for friction increase.
  • Showcased the stabilization of high friction states corresponding to commensurate configurations.

Conclusions:

  • Torque-coupled reorientation can disrupt superlubricity in lamellar solid-lubricated contacts.
  • The transition to a high-friction state is linked to achieving commensurate surface configurations.
  • This finding has implications for the design and reliability of micro-mechanical systems.