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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
Transport Number01:31

Transport Number

The transport number is the fraction of the total current carried by an ion in an electrolyte solution. It is defined as the ratio of the current carried by a specific ion to the total current flowing through the solution. The transport number, t, is central to understanding ionic mobility, which describes how fast an ion moves under the influence of an electric field. This link connects the physical behavior of ions in solution to the chemical processes that occur during electrochemical...
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Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
Carrier Transport01:21

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The generation of electrical current in semiconductors is fundamentally driven by two mechanisms: drift and diffusion. These processes are essential for the functionality and performance of semiconductor-based devices.
Drift Current:
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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a virus that...

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Generating Controlled, Dynamic Chemical Landscapes to Study Microbial Behavior
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Hopping conduction and bacteria: transport in disordered reaction-diffusion systems.

Andrew R Missel1, Karin A Dahmen

  • 1Physics Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA. missel@uiuc.edu

Physical Review Letters
|March 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study models population transport in "oases" within hostile "deserts." We derived an approximate formula for the time it takes a population to travel through such disordered environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Complex Systems
  • Mathematical Biology
  • Statistical Physics

Background:

  • Reaction-diffusion systems are fundamental to modeling spatially extended biological processes.
  • Disordered environments, characterized by spatially heterogeneous conditions, present unique challenges for population dynamics.
  • Understanding transport mechanisms in such systems is crucial for predicting species distribution and persistence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate transport phenomena in reaction-diffusion systems with birth, death, and competition processes.
  • To model a system with spatially segregated growth regions ('oases') within an unfavorable environment ('desert').
  • To derive an approximate expression for the population traversal time in a disordered medium.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a discrete model accounting for 'hopping' events between oases.
  • Analysis of transport dynamics in a low oasis density limit.
  • Derivation of an approximate formula for average traversal time.

Main Results:

  • Transport in sparse oases is dominated by rare, discrete hopping events.
  • An approximate expression for the average population traversal time through the disordered medium was derived.
  • The model provides insights into population dynamics in heterogeneous environments.

Conclusions:

  • The derived formula offers a valuable tool for estimating population spread in complex, disordered landscapes.
  • Discreteness effects are essential for accurately modeling transport in low-density oasis systems.
  • This work contributes to the understanding of ecological spread and metapopulation dynamics.