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Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which are...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Lab

AES is a powerful analytical technique, especially effective when used with plasma sources, producing abundant spectra in characteristic emission lines. The Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), in particular, yields superior quantitative analytical data due to its high stability, low noise, low background, and minimal interferences under optimal experimental conditions. However, newer air-operated microwave sources are emerging as promising alternatives that could be more cost-effective than...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Coherent electron scattering captured by an attosecond quantum stroboscope.

J Mauritsson¹, P Johnsson, E Mansten

¹Department of Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, P. O. Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.

Physical Review Letters

|March 21, 2008

Summary

We developed a quantum stroboscope using attosecond pulses to observe electron wave packets. This allows imaging of electron scattering dynamics when strong infrared fields redirect electron motion.

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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

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Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers

Coulomb Explosion Imaging as a Tool to Distinguish Between Stereoisomers

Published on: August 18, 2017

Area of Science:

Quantum dynamics
Attosecond science
Electron scattering

Background:

Observing electron dynamics requires high temporal resolution.
Ultrafast laser fields enable probing electron behavior.
Electron rescattering is a key phenomenon in strong-field physics.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a stroboscopic technique for imaging electron dynamics.
To study electron wave packet evolution and scattering in strong IR fields.

Main Methods:

Utilizing a train of identical attosecond pulses to ionize atoms.
Employing a strong infrared laser field to manipulate electron trajectories.
Recording electron momentum distributions with a velocity map imaging spectrometer.

Main Results:

Demonstrated a quantum stroboscope capable of imaging single ionization events.
Observed coherent electron scattering and rescattering dynamics.
Resolved electron wave packet evolution synchronized with the IR laser cycle.

Conclusions:

The quantum stroboscope provides a novel method for studying ultrafast electron dynamics.
This technique allows detailed imaging of electron scattering and rescattering from parent ions.
The findings offer new insights into coherent electron motion in strong laser fields.