Origin and characterization of atrial natriuretic peptide in the rat parotid gland

The heart atria represent the major site of synthesis for atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) which exerts potent natriuretic, diuretic and vasoactive functions. Recently, ANP-immunoreactivity has been detected in extracardial organs involved in water and electrolyte homeostasis, such as the intestine and certain exocrine glands. The present study investigates ANP in the parotid gland. It was found by immunohistochemical techniques that the peptide is localized in ductal cells of the gland. An analysis of the immunoreactive material by high-pressure liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay revealed the prohormone of ANP (ANP 1-126) and the biologically active fragment (ANP 99-126). Furthermore, Northern blot hybridization disclosed the presence of mRNA coding for ANP. It is suggested that ANP is synthesized and released from the parotid gland and functions in the control of saliva production.