Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Production of Pharmaceuticals

Production of Pharmaceuticals

Industrial insulin production uses genetically engineered E. coli expressing a proinsulin gene controlled by a tryptophan promoter and containing a methionine linker for later cleavage. The cells also carry ampicillin resistance for selective growth. Seed cultures are stored at −80 °C and production begins by thawing a small amount to inoculate starter cultures, which are progressively scaled to a 50,000-L bioreactor. In the bioreactor, E. coli grow in nutrient-rich media under sterile, tightly...

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...

Production of Antibiotics

Production of Antibiotics

Penicillin, one of the earliest and most widely used antibiotics, is produced industrially by the filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum. Large stirred-tank bioreactors ranging from tens to hundreds of thousands of liters maintain tightly controlled temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen conditions to support fungal metabolism and maximize antibiotic yield. Penicillin is a secondary metabolite, synthesized primarily during the stationary growth phase, which requires a carefully managed...

Bioreactor Controls-III

Bioreactor Controls-III

Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...

Production of Alcohol

Production of Alcohol

Continuous fermentation is a key strategy in industrial ethanol production, particularly when efficiency, scalability, and high yields are essential. This approach allows for uninterrupted operation and optimized resource utilization. The primary feedstock, corn starch, undergoes enzymatic hydrolysis facilitated by α-amylase and glucoamylase. These enzymes break down the starch into fermentable sugars such as glucose, which are readily assimilated by fermentative microorganisms.Fermentation...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

[Virtual palliative care : Pilot study of an electronic tool to test cognitive, psychomotor and affective palliative medical and pain therapeutic learning contents during medical training].

Schmerz (Berlin, Germany)·2021

Same author

Incorporation studies of clickable ceramides in Jurkat cell plasma membranes.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2017

Same author

Incorporation and visualization of azido-functionalized N-oleoyl serinol in Jurkat cells, mouse brain astrocytes, 3T3 fibroblasts and human brain microvascular endothelial cells.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2016

Same author

Synthesis of the rare disaccharide nigerose by structure-based design of a phosphorylase mutant with altered regioselectivity.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2016

Same author

Silicon-on-insulator based nanopore cavity arrays for lipid membrane investigation.

Nanotechnology·2011

Same author

Comparison of haematology, coagulation and clinical chemistry parameters in blood samples from the sublingual vein and vena cava in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Laboratory animals·2010

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

High-throughput Screening of Carbohydrate-degrading Enzymes Using Novel Insoluble Chromogenic Substrate Assay Kits

High-throughput Screening of Carbohydrate-degrading Enzymes Using Novel Insoluble Chromogenic Substrate Assay Kits

Published on: September 20, 2016

Industrial carbohydrate biotransformations.

K Buchholz¹, J Seibel

¹Technical Chemistry, Department for Carbohydrate Technology, Technical University Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer Strasse 10, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.

Carbohydrate Research

|March 21, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Biotechnological transformations of carbohydrates are crucial in industrial processes due to their complexity. Enzymes and microorganisms offer selective and efficient methods for various reactions, yielding high results in large-scale applications.

More Related Videos

Immobilization of Multi-biocatalysts in Alginate Beads for Cofactor Regeneration and Improved Reusability

Immobilization of Multi-biocatalysts in Alginate Beads for Cofactor Regeneration and Improved Reusability

Published on: April 22, 2016

Techniques for the Evolution of Robust Pentose-fermenting Yeast for Bioconversion of Lignocellulose to Ethanol

Techniques for the Evolution of Robust Pentose-fermenting Yeast for Bioconversion of Lignocellulose to Ethanol

Published on: October 24, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

High-throughput Screening of Carbohydrate-degrading Enzymes Using Novel Insoluble Chromogenic Substrate Assay Kits

High-throughput Screening of Carbohydrate-degrading Enzymes Using Novel Insoluble Chromogenic Substrate Assay Kits

Published on: September 20, 2016

Immobilization of Multi-biocatalysts in Alginate Beads for Cofactor Regeneration and Improved Reusability

Immobilization of Multi-biocatalysts in Alginate Beads for Cofactor Regeneration and Improved Reusability

Published on: April 22, 2016

Techniques for the Evolution of Robust Pentose-fermenting Yeast for Bioconversion of Lignocellulose to Ethanol

Techniques for the Evolution of Robust Pentose-fermenting Yeast for Bioconversion of Lignocellulose to Ethanol

Published on: October 24, 2016

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Carbohydrate Chemistry
Industrial Biochemistry

Background:

Carbohydrate transformations are integral to numerous industrial processes.
The inherent complexity of carbohydrates poses challenges in controlling stereo- and regioselectivity.
Enzymes and microorganisms provide highly selective and efficient solutions in aqueous media.

Purpose of the Study:

To review various biotechnological reactions involving carbohydrates on an industrial scale.
To discuss mechanistic aspects relevant to technological applications.
To provide an outlook on future biotechnological processes for carbohydrates.

Main Methods:

Focus on hydrolytic reactions (e.g., starch processing).
Analysis of oxidation and reduction transformations (e.g., organic acids, vitamin C synthesis).
Examination of isomerization and transfer reactions (e.g., glucose/fructose syrups, sucrose isomers).

Main Results:

Biotechnological methods achieve high yields and selectivity in carbohydrate processing.
Established large-scale industrial processes include starch processing, organic acid synthesis, and sugar isomer production.
Mechanistic insights are crucial for optimizing industrial-scale carbohydrate transformations.

Conclusions:

Biotechnological transformations are indispensable for industrial carbohydrate processing.
Enzymatic and microbial catalysis offers superior control over complex carbohydrate chemistry.
Future advancements promise innovative and sustainable carbohydrate-based industrial processes.