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Commentary: is CIT today's lobotomy?

Jeffrey L Geller1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA. jeffrey.geller@umassmed.edu

The Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law
|March 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Crisis Intervention Teams (CIT) show limited evidence of effectiveness, with outcomes influenced by local mental health services and culture. This commentary questions the evidence base for CIT

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Criminal Justice
  • Mental Health Services Research

Background:

  • Crisis Intervention Teams (CIT) originated in Memphis, Tennessee, in 1988.
  • CIT programs have expanded significantly without clear developmental milestones or documented progress.
  • Previous investigations into the evidence base for CIT have yielded minimal findings.

Discussion:

  • CIT outcomes are influenced by regional variations in mental health services and local culture, exemplified by Memphis.
  • The lack of empirical evidence for reforms in mental health and criminal justice systems is a recurring issue.
  • Unforeseen consequences often arise from systemic reforms lacking data-driven support.

Key Insights:

  • The evidence supporting the effectiveness of Crisis Intervention Teams (CIT) is notably scarce.

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  • Local factors, including mental health service availability and cultural norms, significantly impact CIT program results.
  • The historical context reveals a pattern of evidence-absent reforms within the mental illness and criminal justice systems.

    • Outlook:

    • Further research is critical to establish a robust evidence base for CIT programs.
    • Understanding the interplay between local context and CIT effectiveness is essential for future development.
    • A call for data-driven approaches to reform in mental health and criminal justice interventions is warranted.