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Related Concept Videos

Antidepressant Drugs: Tricyclics, SSRIs, and SNRIs01:28

Antidepressant Drugs: Tricyclics, SSRIs, and SNRIs

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs), including Desipramine (Norpramin), Imipramine (Tofranil), Clomipramine (Anafranil), and Amitriptyline (Elavil), inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake and also block other receptors. They are used for depression, pain conditions, and insomnia. Common adverse effects include anticholinergic effects, sedation, orthostatic hypotension, and weight gain. They have a narrow therapeutic window and so require plasma-level monitoring. Abrupt discontinuation can...
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Antidepressant Drugs: MAOIs and Other Agents

Atypical antidepressants, including bupropion (Wellbutrin), mirtazapine (Remeron), nefazodone (Serzone), trazodone (Desyrel), and vilazodone (Viibryd), offer unique mechanisms of action. Bupropion weakly inhibits dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake, aiding depression treatment and smoking cessation, with a low risk of sexual dysfunction. Mirtazapine enhances serotonin and norepinephrine neurotransmission, leading to sedation, increased appetite, and weight gain. As a result, it helps treat...
Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison01:09

Peripherally and Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants: A Comparison

Skeletal muscle relaxants can target the central nervous system [CNS] to reduce muscle tension or act directly at the neuromuscular junction to induce temporary paralysis. These two classes of muscle relaxants are called centrally acting muscle relaxants and peripherally acting muscle relaxants. They differ in their action, mechanism, administration route, and clinical uses.
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Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Cranial Electrical Stimulation for Fibromyalgia Pain and Physical Function, Using Brain Imaging Biomarkers
08:33

A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Cranial Electrical Stimulation for Fibromyalgia Pain and Physical Function, Using Brain Imaging Biomarkers

Published on: January 5, 2024

Milnacipran for fibromyalgia.

J Dempsey

    Issues in Emerging Health Technologies
    |March 22, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Milnacipran shows potential for treating fibromyalgia, a chronic pain condition. However, further research is needed to confirm its safety, efficacy, and optimal use in patient care.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

    A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Cranial Electrical Stimulation for Fibromyalgia Pain and Physical Function, Using Brain Imaging Biomarkers
    08:33

    A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial of Cranial Electrical Stimulation for Fibromyalgia Pain and Physical Function, Using Brain Imaging Biomarkers

    Published on: January 5, 2024

    Area of Science:

    • Pharmacology
    • Pain Management
    • Clinical Trials

    Background:

    • Fibromyalgia is a chronic pain disorder impacting many individuals.
    • Milnacipran, an antidepressant, is being investigated for fibromyalgia treatment.
    • Existing evidence suggests potential benefits but also highlights adverse effects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the safety and efficacy of milnacipran for fibromyalgia.
    • To determine optimal dosing strategies for milnacipran.
    • To clarify the role of milnacipran in comprehensive fibromyalgia management.

    Main Methods:

    • Phase 3 clinical trials were conducted to assess milnacipran.
    • Data collection focused on efficacy and adverse event profiles.
    • Analysis aimed to identify patient subgroups who may benefit.

    Main Results:

    • Preliminary findings indicate potential therapeutic benefits of milnacipran in some fibromyalgia patients.
    • Adverse effects associated with milnacipran may pose limitations to its clinical application.
    • Complete phase 3 trial results are pending publication.

    Conclusions:

    • Milnacipran demonstrates preliminary promise for fibromyalgia symptom management.
    • Further investigation is crucial to establish long-term safety and sustained efficacy.
    • Optimal use and comparative effectiveness require additional research.