Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution01:10

Polymers: Molecular Weight Distribution

For any given polymer, the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is higher than, if not equal to, the number average molecular weight (Mn). The only situation in which the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight are equal is when a polymer consists only of chains with equal molecular weight. However, this never happens in a synthetic polymer, since it is difficult to control the polymerization process up to a molecular level with accuracy to a hundred percent.
Determination of Molar Masses of Polymers I01:24

Determination of Molar Masses of Polymers I

Polymerization produces macromolecules with a range of chain lengths due to the random nature of molecular growth processes. As chains form and terminate at different stages, a single polymer sample contains molecules of varying sizes rather than a uniform structure. This variability is described using average molar masses and distribution-related parameters, which together provide a comprehensive understanding of polymer characteristics.The distribution of molar masses plays a critical role in...
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the generated carbocation,...
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...
Polymers02:34

Polymers

The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the properties that they exhibit. Additionally,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effect of Halide Variations on Cation Dynamics in MAPbX<sub>3</sub> (X = Cl, Br, and I).

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

Decoupling of the onset of anharmonicity between a protein and its surface water around 200 K.

eLife·2024
Same author

Experimental Evidence for the Role of Dynamics in pH-Dependent Enzymatic Activity.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2024
Same author

Direct Observation of the Mutual Coupling Effect in the Protein-Water-Glycerol Mixture by Combining Neutron Scattering and Selective Deuteration.

The journal of physical chemistry. B·2024
Same author

Modulation of Phase Behavior and Microscopic Dynamics in Cationic Vesicles by 1-Decyl-3-methylimidazolium Bromide.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2023
Same author

Microscopic temperature-dependent structural dynamics in polymer nanocomposites: role of the graft-matrix chain interfacial entropic effect.

Soft matter·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Local polymer dynamics in polymer-C60 mixtures.

Jamie M Kropka1, Victoria Garcia Sakai, Peter F Green

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.

Nano Letters
|March 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Intermolecular interactions in polymer-nanoparticle systems affect material properties. Neutron scattering shows C60 nanoparticles suppress local polymer motion, with effects limited to particle vicinity.

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in Poly(S-Divinylbenzene)
09:16

Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in Poly(S-Divinylbenzene)

Published on: May 20, 2019

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
11:42

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Published on: June 20, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
06:55

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Published on: September 26, 2016

Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in Poly(S-Divinylbenzene)
09:16

Synthesis of Terpolymers at Mild Temperatures Using Dynamic Sulfur Bonds in Poly(S-Divinylbenzene)

Published on: May 20, 2019

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers
11:42

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Published on: June 20, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Polymer science and materials science
  • Soft matter physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Polymer-nanoparticle systems exhibit complex intermolecular interactions.
  • These interactions cause spatial variations in structure and dynamics at meso- and nanoscale.
  • Such variations significantly influence bulk properties like glass transition and viscosity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of C60 nanoparticles on polymer dynamics.
  • To understand how local polymer chain motions are affected by nanoparticle inclusion.
  • To reconcile observations of local dynamics with bulk material properties.

Main Methods:

  • Incoherent neutron scattering measurements were performed on C60-polymer mixtures.
  • Analysis focused on local polymer chain backbone motions in the glassy state.
  • Scattering spectra of the melt were examined to probe dynamics at nanosecond time scales.

Main Results:

  • Local polymer chain backbone motions are suppressed in the glassy state compared to pure polymers.
  • The influence of C60 nanoparticles on polymer dynamics is confined to the particle's vicinity.
  • Observed effects are limited to nanosecond time scales in the melt.

Conclusions:

  • C60 nanoparticles significantly alter local polymer dynamics, particularly in the glassy state.
  • The dynamic influence of nanoparticles is spatially restricted and time-scale dependent.
  • A model is proposed to bridge the gap between local and bulk dynamical properties in these composite materials.