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Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...

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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Sample Preparation in Quartz Crystal Microbalance Measurements of Protein Adsorption and Polymer Mechanics
08:21

Sample Preparation in Quartz Crystal Microbalance Measurements of Protein Adsorption and Polymer Mechanics

Published on: January 22, 2020

Proximity effect in quartz crystal microbalance.

George Y Yu1, Jirí Janata

  • 1School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, USA.

Analytical Chemistry
|March 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proximity of objects to quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs) alters resonant frequency. This proximity effect is significant at low Q-factors and can cause experimental artifacts, necessitating careful QCM operation.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Quartz Crystal Microbalances (QCMs) are sensitive devices used for mass sensing.
  • The resonant frequency of a QCM is known to change when objects approach it, an effect termed the 'proximity effect'.
  • This effect's dependence on QCM parameters and object properties requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of object proximity on QCM resonant frequency.
  • To determine the factors influencing the proximity effect, including Q-factor, object conductivity, and electrical connection.
  • To model and understand the underlying mechanism of the proximity effect.

Main Methods:

  • A specialized experimental setup was designed to control the distance between a QCM and a conducting metal disk.
  • The Q-factor of the QCM was manipulated using damping fluid.
  • Finite element modeling and a modified Butterworth Van-Dyke model were employed for analysis.

Main Results:

  • The proximity effect was observed to increase as the object-QCM distance decreased.
  • The effect was most pronounced at low Q-factors (<1000) and when the conducting object was electrically shorted to the QCM electrode.
  • Frequency shifts exceeding 200 Hz for a 10 MHz QCM were recorded under optimal conditions.

Conclusions:

  • The proximity effect is likely caused by the interaction of the object with the QCM's fringing electromagnetic field.
  • This effect can introduce significant experimental artifacts in QCM applications, particularly when the Q-factor is low.
  • To prevent artifacts, QCMs and similar acoustic devices should avoid operation in the low Q-factor regime (<1000).