Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 1, 2026

Establishment of Zebrafish Patient-Derived Xenografts from Pancreatic Cancer for Chemosensitivity Testing
Published on: May 12, 2023
An unusual cause of diplopia in a cancer patient
A van der Heijden1, A Twijnstra, W P Lamers
1Department of Neurology, University Hospital Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Abstract:
A 47-year-old woman with metastatic infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast developed diplopia. Computed tomography of the orbits showed enlargement and irregularity of the right inferior rectus and inferior obliques muscles. Biopsies of these muscles contained breast carcinoma cells. This case report discusses the causes of diplopia in cancer patients, with special attention to the diagnostic problems of metastasis in extraocular muscles. The possible combined occurrence of metastasis in the leptomeninges and extraocular muscles is also to be borne in mind if the latter diagnosis is not to be missed.
Related Concept Videos
Cancer
Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients
Unusual Results
According to the range rule of thumb, any value above or below two standard deviations, 2σ from the mean, μ is considered unusual.
Maximum unusual value =...
z Scores and Unusual Values
This score indicates how far a value is from the mean in terms of standard deviation. For example, if a data value has a z score of +1, the researcher can infer that the particular data value is one standard deviation above the mean. If another data...
Patient-centered Care
What is Cancer?
Although people have known about cancer for centuries, it was only in 1761 that Giovanni Morgagni of Padua performed a detailed autopsy of...

