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[West Nile fever/encephalitis].

Tomohiko Takasaki1

  • 1Department of Virology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan. takasaki@nih.go.jp

Uirusu
|March 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary
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West Nile virus (WNV) causes illness ranging from fever to severe neurological disease. While vaccines exist for horses, no human vaccine is currently available for this mosquito-borne flavivirus.

Area of Science:

  • Virology: Classification of West Nile virus (WNV) within the Flaviviridae family and Flavivirus genus.
  • Epidemiology: Tracking the incidence and spread of WNV infections globally and in North America.
  • Neuroscience: Understanding the neurological manifestations of WNV, including encephalitis, meningitis, and myelitis.

Context:

  • WNV, a mosquito-borne flavivirus, was first identified in Uganda in 1937.
  • The first North American outbreak occurred in New York City in 1999, highlighting its emergence in the Western Hemisphere.
  • North American WNV strains have shown significant pathogenicity, though attenuated strains have also been identified.

Purpose:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of West Nile virus, encompassing its virology, transmission, and clinical manifestations.
  • To detail the epidemiological trends of WNV fever and encephalitis in the United States and Canada.
  • To highlight the current status of WNV vaccines, noting the availability for equines and the absence for human use.

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Summary:

  • West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus causing febrile illness and severe neurological conditions like encephalitis.
  • Primary vectors in North America include various Culex mosquito species, contributing to over 27,000 cases in the US since 1999.
  • The first imported human case in Japan was reported in 2005, underscoring WNV's global reach.

Impact:

  • The lack of a human vaccine necessitates continued public health efforts for WNV prevention and control.
  • Understanding WNV epidemiology and vector dynamics is crucial for mitigating outbreaks.
  • The development of equine vaccines demonstrates progress in combating WNV, offering potential insights for human vaccine research.