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Related Concept Videos

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues01:18

Lymphoid Cells and Tissues

Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
Lymphoid cells consist of various types of immune system cells. These include B and T lymphocytes, which are responsible for producing antibodies and killing infected cells, respectively. Dendritic cells act as messengers between the innate and adaptive...
Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes

Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
From a histological perspective, lymph nodes can be split into two main areas: the superficial cortex and the deep medulla. The outer cortex is populated by dendritic cells, macrophages, and B lymphocytes, which are densely packed into follicles. When these B-lymphocytes are presented...
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting
07:36

Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting

Published on: May 1, 2015

Follicular lymphomas.

Umberto Vitolo1, Andrés J M Ferreri, Silvia Montoto

  • 1Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Giovanni Battista Molinette, Turin, Italy.

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
|March 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Follicular lymphoma, a common non-Hodgkin lymphoma, is graded 1-3 based on cell size, impacting prognosis. Treatment decisions for follicular lymphoma depend on grade, stage, and prognostic factors like FLIPI.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Follicular lymphoma (FL) accounts for about 30% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas.
  • FL exhibits a follicular growth pattern, sometimes with diffuse areas, influencing prognosis.
  • Grading of FL (grades 1-3) is based on the number of large cells, with grade 3b distinct from lower grades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics, grading, and prognostic factors of follicular lymphoma.
  • To discuss the utility of prognostic indices and therapeutic strategies for FL management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of histological features, including cell surface markers (immunoglobulin, CD markers) and bcl-2 expression.
  • Analysis of genetic alterations, specifically the t(14;18) translocation involving the bcl-2 gene.

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Isolation of CD4+ T-cells and Analysis of Circulating T-follicular Helper (cTfh) Cell Subsets from Peripheral Blood Using 6-color Flow Cytometry
07:39

Isolation of CD4+ T-cells and Analysis of Circulating T-follicular Helper (cTfh) Cell Subsets from Peripheral Blood Using 6-color Flow Cytometry

Published on: January 7, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting
07:36

Isolation of Human Lymphatic Endothelial Cells by Multi-parameter Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting

Published on: May 1, 2015

Isolation of CD4+ T-cells and Analysis of Circulating T-follicular Helper (cTfh) Cell Subsets from Peripheral Blood Using 6-color Flow Cytometry
07:39

Isolation of CD4+ T-cells and Analysis of Circulating T-follicular Helper (cTfh) Cell Subsets from Peripheral Blood Using 6-color Flow Cytometry

Published on: January 7, 2019

  • Evaluation of prognostic indices such as the Italian Lymphoma Intergroup Index and Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI).

    • Main Results:

    • FL cells express specific surface markers and bcl-2 proteins, aiding in distinguishing neoplastic from reactive follicles.
    • The t(14;18) translocation is found in 70-95% of FL cases.
    • Clinical behavior varies with histologic grade and disease extent; FLIPI shows good correlation with outcome.

    Conclusions:

    • Follicular lymphoma grading and prognostic factors are crucial for therapeutic decision-making.
    • Therapeutic strategies range from 'wait and watch' to allogeneic transplantation, tailored to patient and disease characteristics.
    • Accurate evaluation considering grade, stage, tumor burden, and risk factors optimizes follicular lymphoma management.