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Related Experiment Video

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Breathing-controlled Electrical Stimulation (BreEStim) for Management of Neuropathic Pain and Spasticity

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Medical expulsive therapy.

Samuel P Sterrett¹, Stephen Y Nakada

¹Division of Urology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.

Seminars in Nephrology

|March 25, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Medical expulsive therapy is a cost-effective, non-surgical option for ureteral stones. Nifedipine and alpha-blockers are effective agents for enhancing stone passage in select patients.

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Area of Science:

Urology
Nephrology

Background:

Minimally invasive urolithiasis treatments are effective but costly.
Medical expulsive therapy (MET) presents a cost-effective alternative for ureteral stones.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of MET for ureteral stones.
To identify optimal medical expulsive agents.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical trials and meta-analyses on MET for urolithiasis.
Analysis of various proposed medical expulsive agents including hormones, NSAIDs, calcium channel blockers, corticosteroids, and alpha-antagonists.

Main Results:

MET is a viable option for patients with distal ureteral stones (1 cm) suitable for observation.
Nifedipine (calcium channel blocker) and alpha-adrenergic antagonists demonstrated clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability.

Conclusions:

Medical expulsive therapy should be considered for appropriate patients with distal ureteral stones.
Nifedipine and alpha-adrenergic antagonists are recommended as effective medical expulsive agents.