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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...
Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose01:16

Hormones Regulating Blood Glucose

Insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are high. It facilitates glucose absorption and utilization in insulin-dependent cells with insulin receptors on their plasma membranes. Insulin promotes glucose uptake by increasing the number of glucose transport proteins in the cell membrane, allowing glucose to enter the cell. As a result, glucose utilization and ATP production are enhanced.
In addition to accelerating glucose uptake and utilization, insulin has...
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...
Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose01:02

Glucose Homeostasis: Regulation of Blood Glucose

Carbohydrates consumed through foods are converted into glucose, a crucial energy source for the body. In the prandial state, high blood glucose levels stimulate the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. Insulin inhibits hepatic glucose production and stimulates glucose uptake and metabolism by muscle and adipose tissue. The excess glucose is converted into glycogen and stored in the liver and muscles.
During fasting, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas secretes glucagon. it...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults
06:13

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Published on: December 1, 2023

Acute exercise-induced glucose change during an exercise program in type 2 diabetes.

Ngan Hien Nguyen1, Elham Rahme, Kaberi Dasgupta

  • 1Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention
|March 25, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Supervised exercise in type 2 diabetes initially stabilizes glucose levels. After 11 weeks, blood glucose before exercise decreases, while after-exercise glucose remains stable, leading to a reduced glucose difference during exercise.

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Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
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Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Published on: July 5, 2017

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults
06:13

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults

Published on: December 1, 2023

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
12:59

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Published on: July 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Exercise physiology
  • Metabolic disorders
  • Diabetes management

Background:

  • Supervised exercise programs improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes.
  • The specific changes in glucose response during exercise over time are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolution of glucose response during supervised exercise in overweight adults with type 2 diabetes.
  • To test the hypothesis that glucose levels during exercise stabilize as insulin sensitivity improves over a 24-week program.

Main Methods:

  • Observational cohort study of 35 overweight adults with type 2 diabetes.
  • Capillary blood glucose (CBG) testing before and after 48 supervised exercise sessions over 24 weeks.
  • Analysis of CBG difference, before-exercise, and after-exercise values using repeated measures, with exploratory analysis of different time periods.

Main Results:

  • Overall CBG difference remained stable throughout the 24-week program.
  • In analyses examining periods after Week 11, a progressive decline in CBG difference was observed.
  • This decline was associated with progressively lower before-exercise CBG values, while after-exercise CBG values remained stable.

Conclusions:

  • Exploratory analyses suggest a shift in glucose dynamics after 11 weeks of supervised exercise.
  • Before-exercise glucose levels decrease progressively, while after-exercise levels remain constant.
  • This leads to a reduced difference in glucose levels during exercise sessions.