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Related Concept Videos

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers01:08

Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers

Step growth polymerization involves bi or multifunctional monomers. Bifunctional monomers react to form linear step growth polymers, whereas multifunctional monomers react to form non-linear or branched polymers.
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...

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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels
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Scattering optics of foam.

M U Vera, A Saint-Jalmes, D J Durian

    Applied Optics
    |March 25, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary

    Light scattering in aqueous foams depends minimally on wavelength. Photon transport mean free path correlates with bubble size and liquid fraction, while extrapolation length varies with liquid fraction.

    Area of Science:

    • Optics
    • Fluid Dynamics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Aqueous foams exhibit complex light scattering phenomena.
    • Understanding photon transport is crucial for applications involving light-matter interactions in foams.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To systematically investigate the multiple scattering of light in aqueous foams.
    • To analyze the influence of wavelength, bubble size, and liquid fraction on light propagation.

    Main Methods:

    • Experimental study of light scattering in aqueous foams.
    • Analysis of results using photon transport mean free path and extrapolation length ratio.
    • Varying wavelength, bubble size, and liquid fraction.

    Main Results:

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  • Wavelength dependence of scattering is minimal, attributed to water's refractive index.
  • Photon transport mean free path is proportional to bubble diameter and inversely proportional to the square root of liquid fraction.
  • Extrapolation length ratio shows a near-linear dependence on liquid fraction.

    • Conclusions:

    • Light scattering in aqueous foams is primarily governed by bubble size and liquid fraction.
    • The refractive index of water is the main factor for minimal wavelength dependence.
    • The findings provide insights into photon diffusion in complex media.