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Summary

Spectral in-water measurements can determine various optical properties, including absorption and backscattering coefficients. These calculations are valid for clear and turbid waters across a wide range of solar elevations.

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Area of Science:

Ocean optics
Aquatic remote sensing
Inherent optical properties

Background:

Accurate measurement of inherent optical properties (IOPs) is crucial for understanding light propagation in aquatic environments.
Existing methods for calculating IOPs can be complex and require multiple measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate that spectral in-water measurements of downward irradiance, upward irradiance, and nadir radiance are sufficient to derive key IOPs.
To develop and validate algorithms for calculating scalar irradiances, average cosines, absorption, and backscattering coefficients.

Main Methods:

Utilized spectral measurements of downward irradiance (E(d)), upward irradiance (E(u)), and nadir radiance (L(u)).
Developed algorithms to calculate scalar irradiances (E(0), E(0d), E(0u)), average cosines (mu, mu(d), mu(u)), absorption coefficient (a), and backscattering coefficient (b(b)).
Investigated the special case of solar elevation at 42 degrees and the general validity range (12-81 degrees).

Main Results:

Established that E(d), E(u), and L(u) are sufficient for calculating a comprehensive set of IOPs and related parameters.
Showed that at a solar elevation of 42 degrees, mu(d) becomes independent of other variables.
Validated the algorithms for horizontally stratified clear and turbid deep waters.

Conclusions:

Spectral in-water measurements provide a robust and efficient method for determining essential aquatic optical properties.
The developed algorithms offer a simplified approach to IOP calculation, applicable to diverse water conditions and solar angles.