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Immunological compatibility between the chacma baboon and man.

J H Stark1, J A Smit, F A Neethling

  • 1MRC Unit for Research in Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of the Witwatersrand Medical School, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Transplantation
|December 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Xenotransplantation research shows closer human-baboon immunological compatibility than expected. Careful screening identified compatible blood groups and rare preformed cellular immunity, aiding future organ transplantation efforts.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Biology
  • Primate Research

Background:

  • Rising organ donor shortages necessitate alternative solutions like xenotransplantation.
  • Assessing human-primate immunological compatibility is crucial for xenotransplantation success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To methodically assess human-chacma baboon immunological compatibility.
  • To narrow the gap in concordance through immunological screening for xenotransplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Blood group compatibility assessment.
  • Analysis of baboon histocompatibility antigens using antihuman monoclonal antibodies.
  • Detection of human antibodies against baboon erythrocytes and leukocytes via flow cytometry and cytotoxicity assays.
  • In vitro assessment of lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity and mixed lymphocyte cultures.

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Main Results:

  • Chacma baboons have represented blood groups A, B, and AB, with no universal O donor.
  • Cross-reactivity observed between antihuman monoclonal antibodies and baboon leukocytes indicates homology.
  • While preformed agglutinins are rare, cytotoxic antibodies and immunoglobulin binding (IgG, IgM) were detected in humans against baboon cells.
  • Preformed cellular immunity was rare, and human lymphocyte responses to xenoantigens showed a normal distribution, allowing selection of low-responding combinations.

Conclusions:

  • Significant immunological concordance exists between humans and chacma baboons.
  • Careful immunological screening can identify compatible xenotransplantation combinations.
  • Further research into viral screening (e.g., HTLV-1) is essential for xenotransplantation safety.