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Genetic factors influencing alcohol dependence
R D Mayfield1, R A Harris, M A Schuckit
1Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
British Journal of Pharmacology
|March 26, 2008
Summary
Genetic factors significantly influence substance abuse and alcohol dependence. This review examines genetic and environmental interactions contributing to alcohol use disorders, highlighting specific genes involved.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Neuroscience
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Substance abuse and alcohol dependence have a strong genetic component, supported by extensive animal and human research.
- Generational patterns of heavy alcohol use and high prevalence of alcohol-related problems are observed in Western societies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review evidence for genetic influences on substance abuse and alcohol use disorders.
- To discuss the interplay between genetic predispositions and environmental factors.
- To identify specific genes associated with vulnerability to alcohol use disorders.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of animal and human studies on genetic influences in substance abuse.
- Synthesis of evidence on gene-environment interactions in alcohol dependence.
- Identification and discussion of candidate genes related to alcohol use disorders.
Main Results:
- Substantial evidence supports a significant role for genetic factors in the development of substance abuse and alcohol dependence.
- Both genetic and environmental factors interact to influence an individual's vulnerability to alcohol use disorders.
- Specific genes have been implicated in the susceptibility to alcohol-related problems.
Conclusions:
- Genetic influences are critical in understanding substance abuse and alcohol dependence.
- A comprehensive approach considering both genetics and environment is essential for addressing alcohol use disorders.
- Further research into specific genes and gene expression is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
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