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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Homeostatic Imbalance01:10

Homeostatic Imbalance

Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment within the body, which is crucial for the proper functioning of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. The body has various control mechanisms that work together to regulate various physiological parameters such as temperature, blood pressure, pH balance, and fluid balance, to name a few. These control mechanisms are based on feedback loops that can be either positive or negative.
However, sometimes these feedback loops fail,...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Real-Time In Vitro Migration Assay for Primary Murine CD8+ T Cells
06:42

Real-Time In Vitro Migration Assay for Primary Murine CD8+ T Cells

Published on: May 24, 2024

T cell homeostasis.

Jonathan Sprent1, Jae-Ho Cho, Onur Boyman

  • 1Immunology and Inflammation Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia. j.sprent@garvan.org.au

Immunology and Cell Biology
|March 26, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mature T cells, including naive and memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells, exhibit varied survival rates. Exogenous stimuli like self MHC ligands and gamma(c) cytokines critically regulate T cell homeostasis.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The T cell pool consists of diverse naive and memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) populations.
  • While T cells are generally long-lived, individual cells display significant differences in turnover and survival rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the factors controlling T cell homeostasis.
  • To highlight the role of external stimuli in regulating T cell populations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on T cell turnover and survival.
  • Analysis of the impact of exogenous stimuli on T cell populations.

Main Results:

  • T cell populations are heterogeneous in their longevity and turnover.
  • Self MHC ligands and gamma(c) cytokines are key regulators of T cell survival and homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • External signals, specifically self MHC ligands and gamma(c) cytokines, are crucial for maintaining normal T cell numbers.
  • Understanding these regulatory mechanisms is vital for immune system stability.