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Proteomic Analysis of Human Macrophage Polarization Under a Low Oxygen Environment
Published on: January 7, 2019
A genome-wide microarray analysis reveals anti-inflammatory target genes of paeonol in macrophages
1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program, Seoul National University, School of Dentistry, 28 Yeongon-Dong, Chongno-Gu, Seoul 110-749, Korea.
Objective:
Paeony root has long been used for its anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, the effects of albiflorin, paeoniflorin, and paeonol, compounds from paeony root, on gene expression profiles were examined in macrophages challenged with the inflammation inducer lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Methods:
The RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with LPS in the presence or absence of albiflorin, paeoniflorin, or paeonol. Global mRNA expression levels were detected by using an oligonucleotide microarray platform covering the mouse whole genome.
Results:
Treatment with LPS caused expression level changes in 1,270 genes by 2 folds or more. Paeonol attenuated the induction level of 355 LPS-responsive genes. Classification of the genes targeted by paeonol according to the Panther group analysis revealed 20 biological processes, 24 molecular functions, and 22 signaling pathways. The Panther signaling pathways highly affected by paeonol included the 'inflammation mediated by chemokine and cytokine signaling', 'interleukin signaling', and 'Toll receptor signaling'.
Conclusion:
Our results demonstrate that paeonol has extensive inhibitory effects on the regulation of inflammation associated gene expression by LPS in macrophages. In addition, the predominant effect of paeonol among the tested compounds suggests that paeonol may be a major ingredient for the anti-inflammatory effect of paeony root.
Insights
Paeonol, a compound from paeony root, significantly inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory gene expression in macrophages. This suggests paeonol is a key anti-inflammatory component of paeony root.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Immunology
- Genomics
Background:
- Paeony root is traditionally used for its anti-inflammatory properties.
- Albiflorin, paeoniflorin, and paeonol are key compounds isolated from paeony root.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of paeony root compounds (albiflorin, paeoniflorin, paeonol) on gene expression profiles in macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
- To identify the specific anti-inflammatory mechanisms of these compounds at the gene expression level.
Main Methods:
- RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with LPS and/or paeony root compounds.
- Global mRNA expression was analyzed using whole-genome oligonucleotide microarrays.
Main Results:
- LPS induced significant expression changes in 1,270 genes.
- Paeonol notably attenuated the induction of 355 LPS-responsive genes.
- Paeonol impacted key inflammatory pathways, including chemokine/cytokine signaling, interleukin signaling, and Toll receptor signaling.
Conclusions:
- Paeonol exhibits broad inhibitory effects on LPS-induced inflammatory gene expression in macrophages.
- Paeonol's significant impact suggests it is a primary contributor to the anti-inflammatory activity of paeony root.