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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...
Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance

Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
Cancer stem cells are thought to originate from tissue-specific normal stem cells or progenitor cells. The normal stem cells usually reside in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
09:04

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

Polarized immune responses differentially regulate cancer development.

Magnus Johansson1, David G Denardo, Lisa M Coussens

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.

Immunological Reviews
|March 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Tumor immunity can either fight or fuel cancer growth. This review explores how tumors manipulate immune cells, influencing outcomes for anti-tumor or pro-tumor immunity.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
09:04

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Immune responses to tumors are complex, with dual roles in cancer progression.
  • Leukocyte subsets exhibit selective polarization, impacting tumor fate.
  • Tumor microenvironments can steer immune cells towards pro- or anti-tumor functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms by which neoplastic tissues influence immune polarization.
  • To explore the cellular and molecular strategies tumors use to modulate immune responses.
  • To understand the dichotomy of pro- and anti-tumor immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical and experimental studies.
  • Analysis of cellular mechanisms in tumor immunology.
  • Investigation of molecular mediators of immune polarization.

Main Results:

  • Tumor-associated immune responses exhibit plasticity, ranging from cytotoxic eradication to growth promotion.
  • Leukocyte subsets demonstrate selective polarization within tumor microenvironments.
  • Neoplastic tissues actively utilize specific mechanisms to dictate immune polarization.

Conclusions:

  • Tumor immunity is a spectrum, not a binary state.
  • Understanding immune polarization is crucial for developing effective cancer immunotherapies.
  • Targeting tumor-induced immune modulation offers therapeutic potential.