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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...

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Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis with the Xpert MTB/RIF Test
08:10

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Published on: April 9, 2012

Risk-based screening for latent tuberculosis infection.

Connie A Haley1, Kevin P Cain, Chang Yu

  • 1Division of Tuberculosis Elimination, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Nashville, Tennessee, USA. connie.haley@comcast.net

Southern Medical Journal
|March 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Targeted tuberculosis screening is effective. Foreign-born individuals have a significantly higher prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), warranting prioritized testing and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology

Background:

  • National guidelines advocate for targeted latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) testing in high-risk populations.
  • Conversely, testing low-risk individuals is generally discouraged.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine LTBI prevalence among adults in Tennessee based on TB exposure risk factors.
  • To quantify LTBI risk in high-risk groups using multivariate analysis.

Main Methods:

  • LTBI prevalence was assessed using tuberculin skin tests (TST) in 53,061 adults from 2002-2005.
  • Multivariate analysis identified risk factors associated with LTBI.

Main Results:

  • LTBI prevalence was 34% in foreign-born individuals versus 3.2% in non-foreign-born individuals (POR 15.7).
  • Among non-foreign-born adults, Asian race and Hispanic ethnicity showed the strongest association with LTBI.
  • Only 2.4% of low-risk individuals tested positive for LTBI.

Conclusions:

  • Risk-based screening effectively identifies individuals who would benefit from LTBI testing and treatment.
  • Prioritizing foreign-born persons in targeted testing programs is recommended.
  • Testing low-risk populations for LTBI is deemed unnecessary.