[The primary observation of tissue engineered periosteum osteogenesis in vivo in allogenic rabbit]

To investigate the in vivo osteogenic feasibility of tissue engineered periosteum constructed by porcine SIS and BMSCs in allogenic New Zealand rabbit.

The tissue engineered periosteum constructed by SIS scaffold and BMSCs was prepared in vitro.Twelve 2-month-old New Zealand rabbits were used in the experiments. The 1.5-2.0 cm critical bone defects were made in the both sides of radius of the animals. The tissue engineered periosteum was grafted into one side defect randomly, while the other side defect was only grafted SIS. Four weeks after operation, the forearms of all animals were checked by X-ray. Then, animals were sacrificed to harvest the specimen which were treated promptly for HE and Masson staining. The X-ray film and the morphological tissue staining outcome were evaluated qualitatively.

After operation, all animals had a normal behavior and diet; the incision healed normally; the forearm could move normally for bearing weight. The tissue engineered periosteum constructed by allogenic BMSCs and heterogeneic SIS scaffold could form new bone tissue, and bridged the bone defect which could be confirmed either in X-ray film or histological staining. The newly formed bone tissue had similar bone density to normal bone. A lot of irregular newly formed vessels and medullary cavity inserted in the newly borned tissue. No lymphocytes infiltrated in histological examination. While the control side had no any osteogenesis neithter in X-ray, nor in HE and Masson staining inspecting; the defect space only occupied with some connective tissue.

Tissue engineered periosteum can form new bone in allogenic rabbit and has the feasibility to repair the segmental diaphysis defect.