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Related Concept Videos

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle

The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects its...
Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
Bacteriophages of the Human Virome01:23

Bacteriophages of the Human Virome

Bacteriophages are found throughout the human body. They may even outnumber eukaryotic viruses, forming an important and dynamic component of the human virome. Indeed, phages represent the most abundant viral entities, with densities in the gut reaching up to 10⁹ particles per gram of fecal matter, and many belonging to orders such as Caudovirales and Microviridae, while a substantial proportion remains unclassified as viral “dark matter.”Lysogeny and Genetic ExchangeIn the gut, bacteriophages...
Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the lytic replication...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Understanding the Impact of Temperate Bacteriophages on Their Lysogens Through Transcriptomics
09:23

Understanding the Impact of Temperate Bacteriophages on Their Lysogens Through Transcriptomics

Published on: January 5, 2024

Sequence variability of Campylobacter temperate bacteriophages.

Clifford G Clark1, Lai-King Ng

  • 1Enteric Disease Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, 1015 Arlington St,, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada. Clifford_Clark@phac-aspc.gc.ca

BMC Microbiology
|March 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Campylobacter jejuni prophages are common and show genetic variability. This suggests they may influence bacterial traits, similar to other temperate bacteriophages in enteric bacteria.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics
  • Bacteriology

Background:

  • Prophages integrated into Campylobacter jejuni chromosomes are newly identified.
  • These prophages may impact bacterial biology and virulence, but their genetic variability is poorly understood.
  • Understanding prophage variability is crucial for differentiating Campylobacter jejuni isolates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distribution of prophage DNA in Campylobacter jejuni populations.
  • To assess the DNA and protein sequence variability of putative Campylobacter prophages.
  • To characterize the genetic landscape of Campylobacter prophages and their relationship to known phage elements.

Main Methods:

  • Southern blotting was used to detect prophage DNA in Campylobacter jejuni isolates.
  • DNA sequencing analyzed a 9,000–11,000 nucleotide region of 12 selected prophages.
  • Sequence analysis focused on gene order, nucleotide sequence, and potential protein alterations.

Main Results:

  • Prophage genes were detected in a majority (27/35) of Campylobacter jejuni isolates tested.
  • Sequenced prophages showed high homology to Campylobacter Mu-like phage 1 (CMLP 1) in gene order and sequence.
  • Variability including insertions, deletions, and allele replacements was observed within prophage genomes, potentially altering protein products.

Conclusions:

  • Putative Campylobacter prophages form a conserved, adapted family with evidence of mosaic structures due to recombination.
  • These Mu-like phage homologs share characteristics with temperate bacteriophages known to influence virulence and host adaptation in enteric bacteria.
  • Further research is needed to determine if these prophages are functional or represent remnant DNA.