Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Long-Term Memory01:18

Long-Term Memory

Long-term memory is a relatively permanent type of memory, capable of storing vast amounts of information over extended periods. Its storage capacity is generally considered unlimited.
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Traumatic Memory01:20

Traumatic Memory

Emotionally traumatic events often lead to memories that are exceptionally vivid and enduring, sometimes persisting with remarkable clarity throughout an individual's life. A classic example of this phenomenon is a person who survives a car accident. Even years later, they may recall every detail of the event with startling accuracy — the screeching of the tires, the jarring impact, and the acrid smell of burning rubber. Such vividness contrasts sharply with how an individual remembers mundane...
Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
LTP can occur when presynaptic neurons...
Understanding Memory01:19

Understanding Memory

Memory is the retention of information or experiences over time, facilitated through three main processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Encoding is the process of inputting information into the memory system. For instance, when listening to a lecture, watching a play, reading a book, or having a conversation, the brain is actively encoding information. This initial stage involves transforming sensory input into a form that can be processed and stored by the brain. Various factors, such as...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Resting state functional connectivity data supports detection of cognition in the rodent brain.

Data in brief·2016
Same author

Functional connectivity MRI tracks memory networks after maze learning in rodents.

NeuroImage·2015
Same author

Spatial memory training induces morphological changes detected by manganese-enhanced MRI in the hippocampal CA3 mossy fiber terminal zone.

NeuroImage·2015
Same author

Is the place cell a "supple" engram?

Hippocampus·2015
Same author

Activity-dependent Wnt 7 dendritic targeting in hippocampal neurons: plasticity- and tagging-related retrograde signaling mechanism?

Hippocampus·2013
Same author

Lifetime memories from persistently supple synapses.

Hippocampus·2013
Same journal

Astaxanthin inhibits platelet-mediated thrombosis via suppression of bidirectional αIIbβ3 signaling.

European journal of pharmacology·2026
Same journal

Repurposing of alogliptin to mitigate experimentally-induced ulcerative colitis and its associated pulmonary injury in rats through regulating inflammatory, necroptotic, and ER stress pathways.

European journal of pharmacology·2026
Same journal

Erianin ameliorates liver fibrosis through the PRDX3/NLRX1 axis.

European journal of pharmacology·2026
Same journal

4-Octyl itaconate attenuates renal calculi formation by inhibiting ferroptosis and oxidative stress via the Nrf2-HO-1/SLC7A11 axis.

European journal of pharmacology·2026
Same journal

VER155008 rescues cognitive impairment in P301S tauopathy mice by promoting HSPA8-mediated lipophagy.

European journal of pharmacology·2026
Same journal

Okanin alleviates osteoarthritis by suppressing oxidative stress and pyroptosis via Nrf2/HO-1 activation.

European journal of pharmacology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

Long-lasting memory from evanescent networks.

Aryeh Routtenberg1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Cresap Neuroscience Laboratory, Swift Hall, Room 102, 2029 Sheridan Rd, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL. 60208, USA. aryeh@northwestern.edu

European Journal of Pharmacology
|March 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study proposes a new theory of memory storage, suggesting post-translational modifications (PTMs) of existing synaptic proteins, not protein synthesis, sustain long-lasting memories. This PTM-based model explains memory flexibility and stability through probabilistic networks.

More Related Videos

Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:17

Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: June 23, 2022

Time-dependent Increase in the Network Response to the Stimulation of Neuronal Cell Cultures on Micro-electrode Arrays
10:45

Time-dependent Increase in the Network Response to the Stimulation of Neuronal Cell Cultures on Micro-electrode Arrays

Published on: May 29, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor
10:00

Gradient Echo Quantum Memory in Warm Atomic Vapor

Published on: November 11, 2013

Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:17

Aversive Associative Learning and Memory Formation by Pairing Two Chemicals in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: June 23, 2022

Time-dependent Increase in the Network Response to the Stimulation of Neuronal Cell Cultures on Micro-electrode Arrays
10:45

Time-dependent Increase in the Network Response to the Stimulation of Neuronal Cell Cultures on Micro-electrode Arrays

Published on: May 29, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • Traditional memory models rely on protein synthesis for synaptic structural changes.
  • Recent findings challenge the necessity of protein synthesis for long-lasting memory.
  • Existing synaptic proteins are proposed as potential substrates for memory storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel theory of memory formation and storage.
  • To elucidate the role of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in synaptic plasticity.
  • To re-evaluate the molecular mechanisms underlying long-lasting memory.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical formulation based on existing molecular and neurobiological principles.
  • Analysis of post-translational modifications (PTMs) as a mechanism for synaptic calibration.
  • Modeling of neural network formation through cascaded PTMs and regulated positive feedback.

Main Results:

  • Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are proposed as the sole mechanism for sustaining long-lasting memories.
  • Activity-induced, PTM-dependent modifications define neural network formation.
  • Metastable networks and degenerate codes explain memory flexibility, stability, and robustness against erasure.

Conclusions:

  • A new theory posits PTMs, not protein synthesis, as the key to memory.
  • Neural networks are formed and maintained by PTMs and regulated feedback mechanisms.
  • This model offers insights into memory's probabilistic nature and computational implementations.